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| 2. |
- Ahuja, Vishal, et al.
(author)
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Microbial alchemy : upcycling of brewery spent grains into high-value products through fermentation
- 2023
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In: Critical reviews in biotechnology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0738-8551 .- 1549-7801.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spent grains are one of the lignocellulosic biomasses available in abundance, discarded by breweries as waste. The brewing process generates around 25–30% of waste in different forms and spent grains alone account for 80–85% of that waste, resulting in a significant global waste volume. Despite containing essential nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, efficient and economically viable valorization of these grains is lacking. Microbial fermentation enables the valorization of spent grain biomass into numerous commercially valuable products used in energy, food, healthcare, and biomaterials. However, the process still needs more investigation to overcome challenges, such as transportation, cost-effective pretreatment, and fermentation strategy. to lower the product cost and to achieve market feasibility and customer affordability. This review summarizes the potential of spent grains valorization via microbial fermentation and associated challenges.
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| 3. |
- Bhatia, Shashi Kant, et al.
(author)
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Introduction to microbial exopolysaccharides
- 2024
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In: Microbial exopolysaccharides. - : CRC Press. - 9781032379418 - 9781032379425 - 9781003342687 ; , s. 1-5
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Bhola, Shivam, et al.
(author)
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Established and Emerging Producers of PHA : Redefining the Possibility
- 2021
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In: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 193:11, s. 3812-3854
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The polyhydroxyalkanoate was discovered almost around a century ago. Still, all the efforts to replace the traditional non-biodegradable plastic with much more environmentally friendly alternative are not enough. While the petroleum-based plastic is like a parasite, taking over the planet rapidly and without any feasible cure, its perennial presence has made the ocean a floating island of life-threatening debris and has flooded the landfills with toxic towering mountains. It demands for an immediate solution; most resembling answer would be the polyhydroxyalkanoates. The production cost is yet one of the significant challenges that various corporate is facing to replace the petroleum-based plastic. To deal with the economic constrain better strain, better practices, and a better market can be adopted for superior results. It demands for systems for polyhydroxyalkanoate production namely bacteria, yeast, microalgae, and transgenic plants. Solely strains affect more than 40% of overall production cost, playing a significant role in both upstream and downstream processes. The highly modifiable nature of the biopolymer provides the opportunity to replace the petroleum plastic in almost all sectors from food packaging to medical industry. The review will highlight the recent advancements and techno-economic analysis of current commercial models of polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Bio-compatibility and the biodegradability perks to be utilized highly efficient in the medical applications gives ample reason to tilt the scale in the favor of the polyhydroxyalkanoate as the new conventional and sustainable plastic.
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| 5. |
- Goswami, Rahul Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Current perspective on wastewater treatment using photobioreactor for Tetraselmis sp. : an emerging and foreseeable sustainable approach
- 2022
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In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:41, s. 61905-61937
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urbanization is a revolutionary and necessary step for the development of nations. However, with development emanates its drawback i.e., generation of a huge amount of wastewater. The existence of diverse types of nutrient loads and toxic compounds in wastewater can reduce the pristine nature of the ecosystem and adversely affects human and animal health. The conventional treatment system reduces most of the chemical contaminants but their removal efficiency is low. Thus, microalgae-based biological wastewater treatment is a sustainable approach for the removal of nutrient loads from wastewater. Among various microalgae, Tetraselmis sp. is a robust strain that can remediate industrial, municipal, and animal-based wastewater and reduce significant amounts of nutrient loads and heavy metals. The produced biomass contains lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments. Among them, carbohydrates and lipids can be used as feedstock for the production of bioenergy products. Moreover, the usage of a photobioreactor (PBR) system improves biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review comprehensively discusses the latest studies on Tetraselmis sp. based wastewater treatment processes, focusing on the use of different bioreactor systems to improve pollutant removal efficiency. Moreover, the applications of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, advancement and research gap such as immobilized and co-cultivation have also been discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the harvesting of Tetraselmis biomass, effects of physiological, and nutritional parameters for their growth has also been provided. Thus, the present review will broaden the outlook and help to develop a sustainable and feasible approach for the restoration of the environment.
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| 6. |
- Goswami, Rahul Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Development of economical and sustainable cultivation system for biomass production and simultaneous treatment of municipal wastewater using Tetraselmis indica BDUG001
- 2023
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In: Environmental technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microalgal-based bioprocess offers several advantages including wastewater reclamations, therefore present study assessed the usability of the combination of untreated municipal sewage wastewater (UTMSWW) and secondary treated municipal sewage wastewater (STSWW) for nutrient removal and recovery by Tetraselmis indica (T. indica) BDUG001. The present study optimized the additional nutrient supplementations (e.g. ASN-III) percentage and day-night cycle, pH and pH with aeration for monitoring high-rate biomass production and nutrient recovery. The study results showed that the combination of 75% UTMSWW + 25% ASN-III supported maximum biomass production (2.65 ± 0.07 g/L). In the optimized day-night cycle (12:12 h), T. indica BDUG001 showed improved biomass production (2.75 ± 0.07 g/L), biomass productivity (165.63 ± 4.42 mg/L/d), and photosynthetic pigments production. Under optimized pH∼ 7.0 with aeration, maximum total nitrate (TN) removal efficiency (87.67 ± 3.08–91.55 ± 1.92%) was observed, while COD and TP removal was maximum at pH ∼ 9.0. The maximum biomass production (2.35 ± 0.07–2.77 ± 0.04 g/L) with biomass productivity (93.75 ± 167.19 ± 2.21 mg/L/d) and lipid content (42.98 ± 1.86–47.85 ± 0.21% DCW) were also at pH 7.0. with aeration. The present study verified the utilization of UTMSWW with the combination of conventional medium, optimized day-night cycle, pH with aeration along with designing low-cost PBR. It was the ideal system for the cultivation of T. indica BDUG001 for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater, production of biofuels and value-added feedstock.
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| 7. |
- Goswami, Rahul Kumar, et al.
(author)
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Multifaceted application of microalgal biomass integrated with carbon dioxide reduction and wastewater remediation : A flexible concept for sustainable environment
- 2022
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 339
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microalgae are ubiquitous, diverse, and photosynthetic organisms in nature and have prominent applications in carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation and wastewater remediation. This review has compiled the recent trends in the potential application of microalgae for wastewater treatment and combating CO2 emissions and multifaceted use of its biomass for the co-production of bioenergy and human health products. In specific, this review critically addressed; (a) global scenario of carbon footprint and wastewater remediation and concept of circular bioeconomy, (b) approaches of sterile and non-sterile cultivation of microalgae, (c) state-of-art biorefinery especially for harvesting of algal biomass, d) details of microalgal high-value compounds (HVAC) such as lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, carotenoids, sterols, and polyphenolic compounds, (e) recent biomass to biofuel strategies, and (f) market analysis, recent challenges and future progress. The review establishes that the microalgae can simultaneously treat different types of wastewater, recover nutrients/metals, and mitigate CO2 from flue gas via its biofixation ability. The flocculation method is found to be best for harvesting the algal biomass. The non-sterile cultivated biomass can be utilized for biofuels production, and sterile biomass can be used to produce HVAC compounds that have significant application in human health.
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| 8. |
- Kant Bhatia, Shashi, et al.
(author)
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An overview on microalgal-bacterial granular consortia for resource recovery and wastewater treatment
- 2022
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 351
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Excessive generation of wastewater is a matter of concern around the globe. Wastewater treatment utilizing a microalgae-mediated process is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable method of wastewater treatment. However, low biomass productivity, costly harvesting process, and energy extensive cultivation process are the major bottleneck. The use of the microalgal-bacteria granular consortia (MBGC) process is economic and requires less energy. For efficient utilization of MBGC, knowledge of its structure, composition and interaction are important. Various microscopic, molecular and metabolomics techniques play a significant role in understating consortia structure and interaction between partners. Microalgal-bacteria granular consortia structure is affected by various cultivation parameters like pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity, and the presence of other pollutants in wastewater. In this article, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to develop an understanding related to interaction behavior that can help to engineer consortia having efficient nutrient removal capacity with reduced energy consumption.
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| 9. |
- Khaire, Kaustubh Chandrakant, et al.
(author)
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Valorization of municipal solid wastes in circular economy
- 2024
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In: Waste management in the circular economy. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031424250 - 9783031424281 - 9783031424267 ; , s. 35-53
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The solid waste generated through anthropogenic activities like agricultural, food, industrial, medical, and chemical is categorized as municipal solid waste (MSW). Management of this waste via dumping in landfills and uncontrolled burning leads to soil, air, and water pollutions. The improper management of these MSW is unfriendly to the environment and human health. Thus, several physical, chemical, and biological approaches have evolved to tackle the problem of MSW. However, in recent times, waste has evolved as an opportunity to generate high-value compounds due to their rich chemical compositions. Though the biological methods such as anaerobic digestion are being used since long to convert the cattle manure into biogas, several physical and chemical methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrocracking, and wet oxidation have been developed. While dealing with the limitations and advantages of valorization of MSW in attaining the future circular economy, this chapter discusses the different wastes generated from different countries and the available technologies for their proper management.
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| 10. |
- Mehariya, Sanjeet, et al.
(author)
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Biopolymer production from biomass produced by Nordic microalgae grown in wastewater
- 2023
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In: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biomass from four different Nordic microalgal species, grown in BG-11 medium or synthetic wastewater (SWW), was explored as inexpensive carbohydrate-rich feedstock for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production via microbial fermentation. Thermochemical pre-treatment (acid treatment followed by autoclavation) with 2% hydrochloric acid or 1% sulphuric acid (v/v) was used to maximize sugar yield prior to fermentation. Pre-treatment resulted in ∼5-fold higher sugar yield compared to the control. The sugar-rich hydrolysate was used as carbon source for the PHB-producing extremophilic bacterium Halomonas halophila. Maximal PHB production was achieved with hydrolysate of Chlorococcum sp. (MC-1) grown on BG-11 medium (0.27 ± 0.05 g PHB/ g DW), followed by hydrolysate derived from Desmodesmus sp. (RUC-2) grown on SWW (0.24 ± 0.05 g PHB/ g DW). Nordic microalgal biomass grown on wastewater therefore can be used as cheap feedstock for sustainable bioplastic production. This research highlights the potential of Nordic microalgae to develop a biobased economy.
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