| 1. |
- Mercuur, Rijk, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Social Practice Theory in Agent-Based Models : A Review of Theories and Agents
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2329-924X. ; 7:5, s. 1131-1145
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence-driven agent-based modeling plays a useful part in understanding social phenomena. By integrating social-cognitive theories in our agent models, we bear evidence from social and psychological studies on our models for human decision-making. Social practice theory (SPT) provides a socio-cognitive theory that emphasizes three empirically and theoretically grounded aspects of behavior: habituality, sociality, and interconnectivity. Previous work has emphasized the importance of SPT for agents, has made abstract models of SPT, or used SPT to study energy systems. This article provides a set of requirements for integrating SPT in agent models and an evaluation of 11 current agent models with respect to these requirements. We find that current agent models do not fully capture habituality, sociality, or interconnectivity, nor is there a model that aims to integrate all three aspects. For example, current models do not support context-dependent habits, use a comprehensive set of collective concepts, and support hierarchies of activities. Our evaluation allows researchers to pick one of the current agent models depending on their needs regarding habituality, sociality, and interconnectivity. Furthermore, this article shows the usefulness of an agent model that integrates SPT and provides requirements that help modelers to achieve this model.
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| 2. |
- Mercuur, Rijk, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Social Practices of an Emergency Room to Ensure Staff and Patient Wellbeing
- 2018
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Ingår i: 30th Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence. ; , s. 133-147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the impact of activities is important for emergency rooms (ER) to ensure patient wellbeing and staff satisfaction. An ER is a complex social multi-agent system where staff members should understand the needs of patients, what their colleagues expect of them and how the treatment usually goes about. Decision support tools can contribute to this understanding as they can better manage complex systems and give insight into possible problems using formal methods. Social practices aim to capture this social dimension by focussing on the shared routines in a system, such as diagnosing or treating the patient. This paper uses the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to formalize social practices and then applies it to the ER domain. This results in an ontology that can be used as a basis for decision support tools based on formal reasoning, which we demonstrate by verifying a number of properties for our use case. These results also serve as an example for formalizing the social dimension of multi-agent systems in other domains.
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| 3. |
- Mercuur, Rijk, et al.
(författare)
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The Value of Values and Norms in Social Simulation
- 2019
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Ingår i: JASSS. - : J A S S S. - 1460-7425. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social simulations gain strength when agent behaviour can (1) represent human behaviour and (2) be explained in understandable terms. Agents with values and norms lead to simulation results that meet human needs for explanations, but have not been tested on their ability to reproduce human behaviour. This paper compares empirical data on human behaviour to simulated data on agents with values and norms in a psychological experiment on dividing money: the ultimatum game. We find that our agent model with values and norms produces aggregate behaviour that falls within the 95% confidence interval wherein human behaviour lies more often than other tested agent models. A main insight is that values serve as a static component in agent behaviour, whereas norms serve as a dynamic component.
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| 4. |
- Siebert, Luciano Cavalcante, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Confidence in the Estimation of Values and Norms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XIII. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030723750 - 9783030723767 ; , s. 98-113
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous agents (AA) will increasingly be interacting with us in our daily lives. While we want the benefits attached to AAs, it is essential that their behavior is aligned with our values and norms. Hence, an AA will need to estimate the values and norms of the humans it interacts with, which is not a straightforward task when solely observing an agent’s behavior. This paper analyses to what extent an AA is able to estimate the values and norms of a simulated human agent (SHA) based on its actions in the ultimatum game. We present two methods to reduce ambiguity in profiling the SHAs: one based on search space exploration and another based on counterfactual analysis. We found that both methods are able to increase the confidence in estimating human values and norms, but differ in their applicability, the latter being more efficient when the number of interactions with the agent is to be minimized. These insights are useful to improve the alignment of AAs with human values and norms.
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