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- Michaëlsson, Madeleine, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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The impact and causal directions for the associations between diagnosis of ADHD, socioeconomic status, and intelligence by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization design
- 2022
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In: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Previous studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower socioeconomic status and intelligence. We aimed to evaluate the causal directions and strengths for these associations by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods We used summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic instruments for ADHD, intelligence, and markers of socioeconomic status including the Townsend deprivation index, household income, and educational attainment. Effect estimates from individual genetic variants were combined using inverse-variance weighted regression. Results A genetically predicted one standard deviation (SD) increment in the Townsend deprivation index conferred an odds ratio (OR) of 5.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89-14.76) for an ADHD diagnosis (p<0.001). A genetically predicted one SD higher education level conferred an OR of 0.30 (95% CI 0.25-0.37) (p<0.001), and a genetically predicted one SD higher family income provided an OR of 0.35 (95% CI 0.25-0.49; p<0.001). The associations remained after adjustment for intelligence whereas the lower odds of an ADHD diagnosis with higher intelligence did not persist after adjustment for liability to greater educational attainment (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.68-1.56; p=0.87). The MR analysis of the effect of ADHD on socioeconomic markers found that genetic liability to ADHD was statistically associated with each of them (p<0.001) but not intelligence. However, the average change in the socioeconomic markers per doubling of the prevalence of ADHD corresponded only to 0.05-0.06 SD changes. Conclusions Our results indicate that an ADHD diagnosis may be a direct and strong intelligence-independent consequence of socioeconomic related factors, whereas ADHD appears to lead only to modestly lowered socioeconomic status. Low intelligence seems not to be a major independent cause or consequence of ADHD.
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- Samuelsson, Johan, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Financement de l'éducation progressiste (1891 -1954) : un cas suédois
- 2022
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In: Histoire de l'éducation. - : ENS Editions. - 0221-6280 .- 2102-5452. ; 1:157, s. 183-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that several of the early progressive schools were privately, rather than publicly, funded. This has been observed in studies of progressive schools in, for instance, Japan and the United Kingdom. However, more specific analyses of the nature of this funding are rare. The overarching purpose of the article is to analyse and describe the funding of private upper secondary schools (läroverk) by means of a case study involving two schools in Gothenburg and Uppsala in the early 1900s. Primary material, such as minutes from the annual meetings of shareholders and final accounts, provides a broader understanding of the reasons why they were created and the conditions under which they operated. The schools were originally funded by a combination of donations from local philanthropists, public subsidies, and tuition fees. The importance of philanthropic capital gradually decreased. In addition, it also became clear that the schools were not driven by profit motives.
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- Samuelsson, Johan, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Funding of Progressive Education, 1891-1954 : A Swedish Case
- 2021
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In: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 8:2, s. 155-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that several of the early progressive schools were privately, not publicly, funded. This has been observed in studies of progressive schools in, for instance, Japan and England. However, more specific analyses of the nature of this financing are rare. The overarching purpose of the article is to analyse and describe the funding of progressive private upper secondary schools (läroverk) through a case study including two schools in Gothenburg and Uppsala in the early 1900s. Using primary material, such as minutes from the annual meetings of shareholders and final accounts, a broader understanding of conditions and motives is accomplished. A combination of donations from local philanthropists, public funding, and student fees funded the schools. Gradually, the importance of philanthropic capital decreased. In addition, it also turned out that the schools were hardly driven by profit motives.
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Utbildningens revolutioner : Till studiet av utbildningshistorisk förändring
- 2017
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ordet revolution avser i allmänhet en omvälvande eller grundläggande förändring som, i jämförelse med långsammare processer, sker under en kortare tid. I utbildningshistoriska sammanhang är ordet revolution användbart eftersom det riktar fokus på de övergripande och omvälvande förändringar som karaktäriserat utbildningsväsendet under de senaste trehundra åren. I vår bok presenteras analyser av ett brett urval av förändringar inom det svenska utbildningsväsendet. Antologin inkluderar kapitel om förändringar i 1800-talets skola och utbildning, däribland införandet av Läsebok för folkskolan, arbetarorganisationers fostran av demokrater, och en kritisk analys av föreställningen om 1800-talets skola som en del av en demokratiseringsprocess. Dessutom ges inblickar i 1900-talets utbildningsrevolutioner med kapitel som ägnar sig åt allt från rökrutans införande, den Nya matematiken, förskolesektorns expansion och 1990-talets utbildningsreformer.Boken har publicerats för att ge en översikt över den omfattande utbildningshistoriska forskningsmiljö som vuxit fram i Uppsala under de senaste tio åren. Den riktar sig till såväl den utbildningshistoriskt intresserade läsaren, som till en bredare historisk och utbildningsvetenskaplig läsekrets.
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5. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(author)
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Genetically predicted education attainment in relation to somatic and mental health.
- 2021
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A deeper understanding of the causal links from education level to health outcomes may shed a light for disease prevention. In the present Mendelian randomization study, we found that genetically higher education level was associated with lower risk of major mental disorders and most somatic diseases, independent of intelligence. Higher education level adjusted for intelligence was associated with lower risk of suicide attempts, insomnia, major depressive disorder, heart failure, stroke, coronary artery disease, lung cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis but with higher risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, bipolar disorder and prostate cancer. Higher education level was associated with reduced obesity and smoking, which mediated quite an extent of the associations between education level and health outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of education to reduce the burden of common diseases.
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8. |
- Michaëlsson, Madeleine, 1968-
(author)
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Arbetarbarn i industriellt barnarbete: Former och omfattning, 1870-1910
- 2017
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Based on my study, Child Labour in Sweden, I will discuss industrial child labour during 1870-1910. Above all, the surveys will contribute to one major problem area, namely the valuation of the children’s labour in various contexts. The project aims to highlight the following questions: What caused child labour? What were the terms for child labour? What were the consequences of child labour?The survey is conducted through a systematic analysis of workers’ memories from 18 occupational groups, collected by the Nordic Museum.In the survey, I conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses with the responses per question in the memory list. Data on the extent of schooling and industrial work during childhood is of particular interest for this study. Testimonies describing the surrounding environment and consequences of industrial child labour are analysed as well.The quantitative analyses mainly cover the scope of the schooling and industrial child labour. The qualitative analyses aim to explore the surrounding environments and the consequences of industrial child labour during school time, for example whether the work generated money for the working families.
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9. |
- Michaëlsson, Madeleine, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Arbetsintegrerad lärarutbildning : Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning och validering inför verksamhetsförlagd utbildning vid elva svenska lärosäten åren 2020–2021
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna studie är ett resultat av det samarbete som inleddes i maj 2020 genom Nätverket för erfarenhetsutbyte kring arbetsintegrerad lärarutbildning. Syftet är att undersöka hur den verksamhetsförlagda utbildningen genomförs i arbetsintegrerade lärarutbildningar vid svenska lärosäten.Det empiriska underlaget utgörs av en enkät som kombinerats med uppföljande intervjuer och skriftlig kommunikation. Studien utgår från att det finns en lång tradition av motsättningar när det gäller hur utrymmet mellan praktik och teori ska fördelas i lärarutbildningarna. Undersökningen visar att det finns ett brett utbud av lösningar kring VFU inom arbetsintegrerade lärarutbildningar när det gäller form och i viss mån även innehåll. Ett rimligt antagande är att dessa skiftande upplägg bottnar i anpassningar till lokala behov. När det gäller examination av VFU uppger samtliga lärosäten att de bygger sin bedömning på information från en kombination av underlag. Efterfrågan på validering av VFU är mestadels låg eller obefintlig bland de lärosäten som ingår i studien. Anledningen förefaller vara att studenterna upplever momentet som meriterande och att denna bild är spridd mellan studentgrupper. En slutsats från denna studie är att utveckling av förutsättningar för arbetsintegrerade lärarutbildningar bör ske med förståelse för den mångfald av lokala anpassningar som lärosäten navigerar mellan för att uppfylla det konkreta målet att kunna erbjuda denna utbildningsform bland sina utbildningsprogram.
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- Michaëlsson, Madeleine, 1968-
(author)
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Cecilia Francke
- 2019
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In: Märkvärdiga svenska kvinnor. - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 9789100179342
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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