| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Monte, L., et al.
(författare)
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The EVANET_HYDRA network: Introduction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Evaluation and nertwork of EC-decision support systems in the field of hydrological dispersion models and of aquatic radioecological research. - : ENEA, Rome. ; , s. 15-20
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Lee, Edward W, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) : A neurogenic mediator of angiogenesis
- 2004
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Ingår i: 7th International NPY Meeting Coimbra. ; , s. 36-36
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- NPY, previously known as a sympathetic vasoconstricting co-transmitter, recently has also emerged as an important vascular growth factor, stimulating proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells (ECs). Both in vitro and in vivo, NPY stimulates angiogenesis starting at sub-picomolar, non-vasoconstrictive concentrations, and with maximal effects similar to those of other known angiogenic factors e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To determine if NPY is a physiological mediator in vivo, we studied 1 ) ischemic angiogenesis in a rodent model of femoral artery occlusion 2) vascular development in rats over-expressing NPY gene; 3) changes in angiogenesis with aging. Hindlimb ischemia increased local NPY release and shifted NPY receptor (R) expression from predominantly Yl to the Y2R type, and up-regulated dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, peptidase forming Y2/YS agonist). Increasing local NPY levels 2-fold with a slow-release pellet (Il.g/14 days, below arterial occlusion), additionally induced YSR mRNA, and stimulated capillary angiogenesis and collateral vessel growth - leading to restoration of blood flow and contractile function of ischemic muscles. These effects were markedly reduced in Y2R-/- mice, as was NPY-induced aortic sprouting ex vivo; the latter was also reduced by anti-VEGF antibody and completely abolished in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-/- mice. The role of NPY in vascular development was further revealed by the severe impairment of spontaneous aortic sprouting in NPY-/- mice and changes in vascular density of non-ischemic muscles: reduction in Y2-/- mice and marked increase in NPY-Tg rats. With aging, in mice, NPY-induced angiogenesis decreased together with Y2 and DPPIV expression, and in human ECs, the proliferative effects of NPY declined too, similarly to those of VEGF or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Since NPY-induced EC proliferation was similarly blocked by anti-VEGF and anti-FGF antibodies in young and old patients, this suggests that age-induced impaired activity of the NPY-Y2R system could lead to lower secretion of these growth factors, in addition to decreased responsiveness of old vessels to VEGF and bFGF. Taken together, our studies indicate that NPY is a physiological neurogenic factor playing an important role ip revascularization of ischemic tissues and in age-related changes in vascular development. NPY's angiogenic activity requires Y2Rs and eNOS, and involves release of VEGF and bFGF. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity, via NPY, may be an important upstream mechanism triggering a cascade of molecular events leading to vascular remodeling during tissue ischemia and growth.
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