| 1. |
- Jin, S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Mutations disrupting neuritogenesis genes confer risk for cerebral palsy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-exome sequencing of 250 parent-offspring trios identifies an enrichment of rare damaging de novo mutations in individuals with cerebral palsy and implicates genetically mediated dysregulation of early neuronal connectivity in the etiology of this disorder. In addition to commonly associated environmental factors, genomic factors may cause cerebral palsy. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 250 parent-offspring trios, and observed enrichment of damaging de novo mutations in cerebral palsy cases. Eight genes had multiple damaging de novo mutations; of these, two (TUBA1AandCTNNB1) met genome-wide significance. We identified two novel monogenic etiologies,FBXO31andRHOB, and showed that theRHOBmutation enhances active-state Rho effector binding while theFBXO31mutation diminishes cyclin D levels. Candidate cerebral palsy risk genes overlapped with neurodevelopmental disorder genes. Network analyses identified enrichment of Rho GTPase, extracellular matrix, focal adhesion and cytoskeleton pathways. Cerebral palsy risk genes in enriched pathways were shown to regulate neuromotor function in aDrosophilareverse genetics screen. We estimate that 14% of cases could be attributed to an excess of damaging de novo or recessive variants. These findings provide evidence for genetically mediated dysregulation of early neuronal connectivity in cerebral palsy.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Magnusson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Monoclonal antibodies against tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase : Report of the ISOBM TD9 Workshop
- 2002
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Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 23:4, s. 228-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue-nonspecific (liver/bone/kidney) alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) were investigated in the ISOBM TD-9 Workshop. These MAbs were generated with antigens obtained from human bone tissue (n = 9), human osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS-2 and TPX, n = 7) and human liver tissue (n = 3). The evaluation included the following antigen forms: (a) commercially available preparations of human bone ALP (BALP) and liver ALP (LALP), (b) human BALP isoforms, B/I, B1 and B2, and (c) soluble secreted epitope-tagged recombinant human TNALP (setTNALP) expressed in COS-1, osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) and hepatoma (Huh2) cell lines. In addition, 16 TNALP mutant cDNAs corresponding to a wide spectrum of reported hypophosphatasia mutations were used in an attempt to map specific immunoreactive epitopes on the surface of the TNALP molecule. The TD-9 MAbs were evaluated by immunoradiometric (IRMA) assays, cross-inhibition and different enzyme immunoassay designs. No indications of explicit tissue discriminatory immunoreactivities of the investigated MAbs against TNALP were found. However, certain IRMA combinations of MAbs increased the specificity of BALP measurements. All MAbs bound to the three BALP isoforms B/I, B1 and B2, but none of the investigated MAbs were specific for any of the isoforms. Significant differences were, however, found in immunoreactivity between these isoforms, with cross-reactivities ranging from 21 to 109% between the two major BALP isoforms B1 and B2. Desialylation with neuraminidase significantly increased the MAb affinity for the BALP isoforms B/I, B1 and B2, and also decreased the observed differences in cross-reactivity between these isoforms. We suggest, therefore, that the MAb affinity is dependent on the amount/number of terminal sialic acid residues located at the five putative N-glycosylation sites. Based on the overall results, we present a putative three-dimensional model of the TNALP molecule with positioning of the four major antigenic domains (designated A-D) of the investigated MAbs. The TNALP molecule is depicted as a homodimer, hence most, but not necessarily all, epitopes are displayed twice. The antigenic domains were positioned with the following assumptions: domain A was positioned close to the active site since most of these MAbs interfered with the catalytic activity. Interestingly, both MAbs included in the commercial BALP kits were grouped with domain A. Moreover, 4 of the 5 putative N-glycosylation sites (with terminal sialic acid residues) are located within, or with close proximity to, domain A. Domain B was localized at the top flexible loop (crown domain) of the TNALP molecule. Domain C was clearly defined by the IRMA assay combinations and by site-directed mutants of TNALP to be close to residue E281, which is located near the fourth metal binding site, likely to be occupied by a calcium ion. Domain D was positioned close to residues A115, A162 and E174, but this domain was also close to the GPI anchor site. In conclusion, none of the 19 investigated TD-9 MAbs were entirely specific for BALP or LALP, thus indicating that all MAbs bind mainly to epitopes on the common protein core of BALP and LALP and/or common glycosylated epitopes. However, some MAbs (either single or in combination with other MAbs) work sufficiently well to measure BALP when the assayed samples do not contain elevated levels of LALP. Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 4. |
- Morlighem, M., et al.
(författare)
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BedMachine v3 : Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 44:21, s. 11051-11061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.420.05m, which is 7cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
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| 6. |
- Ny, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning and sequence of a cDNA coding for the human beta-migrating endothelial-cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 83:18, s. 6776-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lambda gt11 expression library containing cDNA inserts prepared from human placental mRNA was screened immunologically using an antibody probe developed against the beta-migrating plasminogen activator inhibitor (beta-PAI) purified from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Thirty-four positive clones were isolated after screening 7 X 10(5) phages. Three clones (lambda 1.2, lambda 3, and lambda 9.2) were randomly picked and further characterized. These contained inserts 1.9, 3.0, and 1.9 kilobases (kb) long, respectively. Escherichia coli lysogenic for lambda 9.2, but not for lambda gt11, produced a fusion protein of 180 kDa that was recognized by affinity-purified antibodies against the bovine aortic endothelial cell beta-PAI and had beta-PAI activity when analyzed by reverse fibrin autography. The largest cDNA insert was sequenced and shown to be 2944 base pairs (bp) long. It has a large 3' untranslated region [1788 bp, excluding the poly(A) tail] and contains the entire coding region of the mature protein but lacks the initiation codon and part of the signal peptide coding region at the 5' terminus. The two clones carrying the 1.9-kb cDNA inserts were partially sequenced and shown to be identical to the 3.0-kb cDNA except that they were truncated, lacking much of the 3' untranslated region. Blot hybridization analysis of electrophoretically fractionated RNA from the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 was performed using the 3.0-kb cDNA as hybridization probe. Two distinct transcripts, 2.2 and 3.0 kb, were detected, suggesting that the 1.9-kb cDNA may have been copied from the shorter RNA transcript. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA was aligned with the NH2-terminal sequence of the human beta-PAI. Based on this alignment, the mature human beta-PAI is 379 amino acids long and contains an NH2-terminal valine. The deduced amino acid sequence has extensive (30%) homology with alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III, indicating that the beta-PAI is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily.
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