| 1. |
- Grafton, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Confusing procedures with process when appraising the impact of cognitive bias modification on emotional vulnerability
- 2017
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 211:5, s. 266-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If meta-analysis is to provide valuable answers, then it is critical to ensure clarify about the questions being asked. Here, we distinguish two important questions concerning cognitive bias modification research that are not differentiated in the meta-analysis recently published by Cristea et al (2015) in this journal: (1) do the varying procedures that investigators have employed with the intention of modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability?; and (2) does the process of successfully modifying cognitive bias, on average, significantly impact emotional vulnerability? We reanalyse the data from Cristea et al to address this latter question. Our new analyses demonstrate that successfully modifying cognitive bias does significantly alter emotional vulnerability. We revisit Cristea et al's conclusions in light of these findings.
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| 2. |
- Warren, Donald C., et al.
(författare)
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A Semianalytic Afterglow with Thermal Electrons and Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 924:1, s. 40-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend previous work on gamma-ray burst afterglows involving hot thermal electrons at the base of a shock-accelerated tail. Using a physically motivated electron distribution based on first-principles simulations, we compute the broadband emission from radio to TeV gamma rays. For the first time, we present the effects of a thermal distribution of electrons on synchrotron self-Compton emission. The presence of thermal electrons causes temporal and spectral structure across the entire observable afterglow, which is substantively different from models that assume a pure power-law distribution for the electrons. We show that early-time TeV emission is enhanced by more than an order of magnitude for our fiducial parameters, with a time-varying spectral index that does not occur for a pure power law of electrons. We further show that the X-ray closure relations take a very different, also time-dependent, form when thermal electrons are present; the shape traced out by the X-ray afterglows is a qualitative match to observations of the traditional decay phase.
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