| 1. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(author)
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Molecular systematics and evolution of the Synallaxis ruficapilla complex (Aves : Furnariidae) in the Atlantic Forest.
- 2013
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 67:1, s. 86-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Neotropical Synallaxis ruficapilla complex is endemic to the Atlantic Forest and is comprised of three species: S. ruficapilla, S. whitneyi, and S. infuscata. This group is closely related to the Synallaxis moesta complex that occurs in the Andes, Tepuis, and Guianan shield. Here we used mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to infer the phylogeny and the time of diversification of the S. ruficapilla and S. moesta complexes. We also included samples of an undescribed population of Synallaxis that resembles other populations of the S. ruficapilla complex. Our results showed that different geographical lineages within the S. ruficapilla complex are reciprocally monophyletic, but the northern form (S. infuscata) grouped with an Andean taxon. This suggests that at least two lineages of this group independently colonized the Atlantic Forest. Specimens of the undescribed population formed a monophyletic clade with deep divergence. Estimated diversification dates were within the late Pliocene to Pleistocene (2.75-0.16 million of years ago). This suggests that at this time there was a higher connectivity between habitats in the rugged landscapes of the circum-Amazonian bioregions. The observed Pleistocene diversification within the Atlantic Forest is congruent in space and time with studies of other co-distributed organisms, and may be associated with climate changes and tectonic activity during this period.
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| 2. |
- Batalha-Filho, Henrique, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny and historical biogeography of gnateaters (Passeriformes, Conopophagidae) in the South America forests.
- 2014
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 79, s. 422-432
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We inferred the phylogenetic relationships, divergence time and biogeography of Conopophagidae (gnateaters) based on sequence data of mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND3 and cytb) and nuclear introns (TGFB2 and G3PDH) from 45 tissue samples (43 Conopophaga and 2 Pittasoma) representing all currently recognized species of the family and the majority of subspecies. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Divergence time estimates were obtained based on a Bayesian relaxed clock model. These chronograms were used to calculate diversification rates and reconstruct ancestral areas of the genus Conopophaga. The phylogenetic analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of the two genera, Conopophaga and Pittasoma. All species were monophyletic with the exception of C. lineata, as C. lineata cearae did not cluster with the other two C. lineata subspecies. Divergence time estimates for Conopophagidae suggested that diversification took place during the Neogene, and that the diversification rate within Conopophaga clade was highest in the late Miocene, followed by a slower diversification rate, suggesting a diversity-dependent pattern. Our analyses of the diversification of family Conopophagidae provided a scenario for evolution in Terra Firme forest across tropical South America. The spatio-temporal pattern suggests that Conopophaga originated in the Brazilian Shield and that a complex sequence of events possibly related to the Andean uplift and infilling of former sedimentation basins and erosion cycles shaped the current distribution and diversity of this genus.
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| 3. |
- Maldonado-Coelho, Marcos, et al.
(author)
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Evolutionary and Ecological Processes Underlying Geographic Variation in Innate Bird Songs
- 2023
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In: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 202:2, s. 31-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecological and evolutionary processes underlying spatial variation in signals involved in mate recognition and reproductive isolation are crucial to understanding the causes of population divergence and speciation. Here, to test hypotheses concerning the causes of song divergence, we examine how songs of two sister species of Atlantic Forest suboscine birds with innate songs, the Pyriglena fire-eye antbirds, vary across their ranges. Specifically, we evaluated the influence of isolation by distance and introgres-sive hybridization, as well as morphological and environmental var-iation, on geographic variation in male songs. Analyses based on 496 male vocalizations from 63 locations across a 2,200-km latitudinal transect revealed clinal changes in the structure of songs and showed that introgressive hybridization increases both the variability and the homogenization of songs in the contact zone between the two species. We also found that isolation by distance, morphological constraints, the environment, and genetic introgression independently predicted song variation across geographic space. Our study shows the importance of an integrative approach that inves-tigates the roles of distinct ecological and evolutionary processes that influence acoustic signal evolution.
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| 4. |
- Ohlson, Jan I., 1966-
(author)
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Molecular phylogeny of tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins and their allies (Aves: Tyrannida)
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tyrannida is a monophyletic clade that together with Furnariida constitutes the New World suboscines. The ca 560 species in Tyrannida are traditionally divided between three families: Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers), Cotingidae (cotingas) and Pipridae (manakins). They are most diverse in South America, where they make up roughly one third of the passerine diversity in most habitats. Constituting such a substantial part of South America’s avian diversity, they are of great importance for the understanding of South American biogeography, but also for studies of more general issues in evolutionary biology, e.g. patterns of adaptive radiation. However, their usefulness in such studies has been limited by the lack of a robust and well-resolved phylogeny for the group. Although three or four main lineages are universally recognized, phylogenetic relationships in the group are generally poorly understood and the affinities of a large number of genera are uncertain.The principal aim of this thesis is to reconstruct a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for Tyrannida, which can serve as a platform for further studies of suboscine systematics and of broader issues in evolutionary biology. This has been achieved by employing comprehensive taxon sampling, DNA sequence data from multiple genes and model-based phylogenetic methods. The resulting phylogenies are generally well resolved and lend support to several earlier hypotheses of relationships in Tyrannida, but further clarify the basal divergences and show that all insectivorous groups form a monophyletic clade. Several novel relationships are revealed, most importantly that nearly all of the genera of debated affinities represent deep lineages in the insectivorous clade. Early evolution of Tyrannida took place in humid forest, and nearly all species tied to open habitats belong in a monophyletic clade that radiated in response to the cooling and drying climatic trend from the Mid Miocene and onwards.
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| 5. |
- Sotelo-Muñoz, Manuelita, et al.
(author)
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Vicariance, dispersal, extinction and hybridization underlie the evolutionary history of Atlantic forest fire-eye antbirds (Aves : Thamnophilidae)
- 2020
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to gain insights into the biogeographic processes underlying biotic diversification in the Atlantic Forest (AF), we used a multi-locus approach to examine the evolutionary history of the White-shouldered Fire-eye (Pyriglena leucoptera) and the Fringe-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena atra), two parapatric sister species endemic to the AF. We sequenced one mitochondrial, three Z chromosome-linked and three anonymous markers of 556 individuals from 66 localities. We recovered four lineages throughout the AF: P. atra and three populations within P. leucoptera. All populations diverged during the late Pleistocene and presented varying levels of admixture. One Z-linked locus showed the highest level of differentiation between the two species. On the other hand, a mitochondrial haplotype was shared extensively between them. Our data supported vicariance driving speciation along with extinction and dispersal as processes underlying intraspecific diversification. Furthermore, signatures of demographic expansion in most populations and areas of genetic admixture were recovered throughout the AF, suggesting that forest fragmentation was also important in differentiation. Genetic admixture areas are located between large rivers suggesting that AF rivers may diminish gene flow. Our results indicated a complex and dynamic biogeographic history of Pyriglena in the AF, with vicariance, extinction, dispersal and secondary contact followed by introgression likely influencing the current patterns of genetic distribution.
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