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- Cippitelli, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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The novel, selective, brain-penetrant neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028, tested in animal models of alcohol consumption, relapse, and anxiety
- 2011
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In: Alcohol. - : Elsevier. - 0741-8329 .- 1873-6823. ; 45:6, s. 567-576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling has been shown to modulate stress responses and to be involved in regulation of alcohol intake and dependence. The present study explores the possibility that blockade of NPY Y2 autoreceptors using a novel, blood-brain barrier penetrant NPY Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), may achieve a therapeutically useful activation of the NPY system in alcohol- and anxiety-related behavioral models. We examined JNJ-31020028 in operant alcohol self-administration, stress-induced reinstatement to alcohol seeking, and acute alcohol withdrawal (hangover)-induced anxiety. Furthermore, we tested its effects on voluntary alcohol consumption in a genetic animal model of alcohol preference, the alcohol-preferring (P) rat. Neither systemic (0, 15, 30, and 40 mg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]) nor intracerebroventricular (0.0, 0.3, and 1.0 nmol/rat) administration of JNJ-31020028 affected alcohol-reinforced lever pressing or relapse to alcohol seeking behavior following stress exposure. Also, when its effects were tested on unlimited access to alcohol in P rats, preference for alcohol solution was transiently suppressed but without affecting voluntary alcohol intake. JNJ-31020028 (15 mg/kg, s.c.) did reverse the anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a single bolus dose of alcohol on the elevated plus-maze, confirming the anxiolytic-like properties of NPY Y2 antagonism. Our data do not support Y2 antagonism as a mechanism for reducing alcohol consumption or relapse-like behavior, but the observed effects on withdrawal-induced anxiety suggest that NPY Y2 receptor antagonists may be a putative treatment for the negative affective states following alcohol withdrawal.
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| 3. |
- Neupane, Suman, et al.
(author)
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The Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) in Asia and the Pacific : Phylogeny revisited with new generic delimitations
- 2015
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In: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 64:2, s. 299-322
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hedyotis and related genera (here called the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex) are highly debated groups in the Rubiaceae family with no consensus to date on their generic delimitations. The present study focuses on Asian-Pacific taxa from these groups and aims at resolving taxonomic inconsistencies by describing monophyletic genera within the complex. The generic circumscriptions presented in our study are based on the phylogenetic trees of nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid (petD, rps16) sequence data inferred using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Morphological key features of the group such as habit, fruit type, seed form, and pollen type are studied and compared with the phylogeny to characterize the clades. Based on these results, the Asian-Pacific members are placed in 14 monophyletic groups across the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex. Of these, we accept and circumscribe 13 monophyletic genera: Debia, Dentella, Dimetia, Edrastima, Exallage, Hedyotis, Involucrella, Kadua, Kohautia, Leptopetalum, Neanotis, Oldenlandia, and Scleromitrion. Two of these, Debia and Involucrella, are here described as new genera.
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| 4. |
- Oh, Il-Chan, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Phylogenetic relationships among endemic Hawaiian Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) : insights from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data
- 2013
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In: Pacific Science. - : Pacific Science. - 0030-8870 .- 1534-6188. ; 67:7, s. 237-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 16 endemic Hawaiian species of Lysimachia form a monophyletic group referred to as subgenus Lysimachiopsis (Marr and Bohm 1997). The group has radiated into various habitats and most species are endemic to a single island. Previous taxonomic treatments have revealed problems, particularly within the L. hillebrandii/L. remyi complex. We conducted phylogenetic analyses including 12 species of the subgenus Lysimachiopsis using nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl16, rpl20-rps12, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnS-G) sequences in order to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. A combined analysis using all sequence data supports three major clades and provides new insights into the evolutionary history of the group, especially within the problematic L. hillebrandii/L. remyi complex. The resulting molecular phylogeny provides support for the following clades: (1) L. hillebrandii and L. waianaeensis, (2) L. remyi ssp. remyi, L. maxima, and L. remyi ssp. subherbacea, (3) L. remyi ssp. caliginis and L. remyi ssp. kipahuluensis, and (4) L. glutinosa, L. scopulensis, and L. kalalauensis. The phylogenetic pattern is largely congruent with the biogeographical distribution of the species in the Hawaiian Islands. Our results also indicate that earlier taxonomic treatments of the group need to be partially revised in order to reflect phylogenetic relationships.
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| 5. |
- Wikström, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny of Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae Spermacoceae) : Redefining a complex Asian-Pacific assemblage
- 2013
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In: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 62:2, s. 357-374
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The genus Hedyotis (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) has long served as a repository for tropical herbaceous species that do not fit readily into other genera. Circumscribed broadly the genus becomes a highly heterogeneous assembly, but relationships of Hedyotis have been difficult to resolve and it has proven very difficult to circumscribe the genus in a more narrow sense. Here we present Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of Hedyotis using plastid (rps16, petD) and nuclear (ITS, ETS) sequence data to resolve monophyletic lineages, to test former taxonomic hypotheses, and to revise the taxa within a well-supported evolutionary framework. Four hundred and sixty-seven sequences representing 129 accessions, never previously included in any phylogenetic analyses, are newly reported. Hedyotis, as previously circumscribed, is polyphyletic, but all investigated species, except for Hedyotis coronaria, are resolved in one of three well-supported monophyletic groups. The largest clade includes all investigated species of Hedyotis from the Indian subcontinent as well as three groups of species with primarily Chinese distributions. The type species of Hedyotis (H. fruticosa) is resolved with the Indian subcontinent species and following previous suggestions this group is referred to as Hedyotis s.str. Species currently recognized under the generic names Metabolos and Pleiocraterium are resolved in Hedyotis s.str. The second-largest group comprises a series of smaller, but well-supported, clades including the Leptopetalum clade, the genus Kadua, an unnamed group distributed in Asia and the Pacific, and a large Asian group referred to here as the ExallagelDimetia clade. The third group includes a few SE Asian Hedyotis, as well as all investigated species of the genus Neanotis. Hedyotis coronaria is not closely related to other species from Asia and is resolved with Spern2acoce hispida. The analyses indicate that diplophragmous capsules and fruticosa-type seeds occur outside of Hedyotis s.str., and several species suggested to have these features are resolved in the ExallagelDimetia clade. Species suggested to have indehiscent capsules, a feature used by Bremekamp to characterize the genus Exallage, are also resolved in both the ExallagelDimetia clade and in Hedyotis s.str., but a close examination indicates that the capsules are not truly indehiscent in the Hedyotis s.str. species. One species of Metabolos and one species of Pleiocraterium are given new species names, and one species of Pleiocrateriam is transferred to Hedyotis and three species of Hedyotis are transferred to Neanotis.
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