| 1. |
- Mushtaq, Afshan, et al.
(author)
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Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of thio-compounds by employing χ-Anderson-type polyoxometalates-porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF)
- 2023
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In: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Severe environmental sulfur contents due to the consumption of fuels in automobiles and industries resulted in serious health hazards and pollution because of it, desulfurization of diesel become inevitable. Targeting the profound desulfurization of diesel, we performed experiments to deeply desulphurized the thio-compounds by catalytic-oxidative desulfurization technique. We synthesized new metalloporphyrin (C52H36N4O8Sn)4MeO-SnPor which after conversion into (C64H64N8O16Sn)4Tris-SnTP leading towards the synthesis of covalent organic framework [(N(C4H9)4]12[HNC(CH2O)3]4[(CO)4C44H24N4Sn] [NiMo6O18]4(SnTP@NiAdCOF). SnTP@NiAd COF showed the outstanding catalytic property for deep desulfurization of thio-compounds above than 96% of thiobenzoic acid (TB) and 99% of 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) sulfur contents were oxides after 100 min of reaction using H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature with constant stirring. During desulfurization percentage desulfurization efficiency was checked for different time intervals by TLC and further confirmed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatograms indicated that the peak area and peak height of thio-compounds decrease gradually with the passage of reaction time which confirmed the removal of thio-compounds from the reaction mixture. Sulfur contents removed up to 5 ppmw showed excellent catalytic characteristics of synthesized SnTP@NiAdCOF. The exceptional catalytic efficiency of prepared catalyst SnTP@NiAdCOF was because of the existence of active oxidizing centers of χ-NiAd and metalloporphyrin that are MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively. The potential mechanism appeared to be the formation of Mo(O2) and [(Por)SnII–OOH] from MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively that act as active oxidizing centers and efficiently converted the thio-group into oxides and sulfones. Effective removal of sulfur grants the desulfurization of fuels by using SnTP@NiAdCOF catalyst to lessen the energy expenditure and also to enhance the production of environmentally-safe fuels.
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| 2. |
- Mushtaq, M. Sajid, et al.
(author)
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Power Saving Model for Mobile Device and Virtual Base Station in the 5G Era
- 2017
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In: 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC). - : IEEE. - 9781467389990
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is a critical requirement of the future 5G communication networks to provide high speed and significantly reduce the network energy consumption. Energy efficient networks along with an energy saving strategy in mobile devices play a vital role in the mobile revolution. The new strategies should not only focus on wireless base stations, which consumes most of the power, but also considers the other power consumption elements for future mobile communication networks, including User Equipment (UE). In this paper, we have proposed a method that calculates the power consumption of a 5G network by considering its main elements based on current vision of 5G network infrastructure. Our proposed model uses the component based methodology that simplifies the process by taking into account the different high power consuming elements. The proposed method is evaluated by considering the three UEs DRX models and Virtual Base Station (VBS) with respect to different DRX timer in terms of Power Saving (PS) and delay as performance parameters.
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| 3. |
- Mushtaq, M. Sajid, et al.
(author)
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QoE in 5G Wireless Cellular Networks based on Mobile Cloud Network
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 4G standard Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) has been deployed in many countries. Now, technologyis evolving towards the 5G standard since it is expecting tostart its services in 2020. The 5G cellular networks will mainlycontain in cloud computing and primarily Quality of Service(QoS) parameters (e.g. delay, loss rate, etc.) influence the cloudnetwork performance. The impact of user perceived Quality ofExperience (QoE) significantly relies on the QoS parameters. Thekey challenge of 5G technology is to reduce the delay less thanone millisecond. In this paper, we have described a method thatminimizes the overall network delay for constant bit rate (VoIP)and variable bit rate (video) traffic model. We also proposed amethod that measures the user’s QoE for video streaming trafficusing the network QoS parameters, i.e. delay and packet lossrate. The performance of proposed QoE method is comparedwith QoV method, and our proposed QoE method performsbest by carefully handle the impact of QoS parameters. Theresults show that our described method successfully reduces theoverall network delays, which result to maximize the user’s QoE.
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| 4. |
- Mushtaq, M. Sajid, et al.
(author)
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QoE Power-Efficient Multimedia Delivery Method for LTE-A
- 2016
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In: IEEE Systems Journal. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 10:2, s. 749-760
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fastest growing of multimedia services overfuture wireless communication system demand more networkresources, efficient delivery of multimedia service with highusers satisfaction, and power optimization of User Equipments(UEs). The resources and power optimization are significant infuture mobile computing systems, because emerging multimediaservices consume more resources and power. The 4G standard ofLTE-A wireless system has adopted the Discontinuous Reception(DRX) method to extend and optimize the UE battery life,while there is no standard scheduling method to distribute theradio resources among the UE. This paper presents a downlinkscheduler, i.e. Quality of Experience (QoE) Power EfficientMethod (QEPEM) for LTE-A, which efficiently allocates theradio resources and optimizes the use of UE power using theDRX mechanism. We investigates how the different durationof DRX Light and Deep Sleep cycle influences the QoS andQoE of end users, using VoIP over the LTE-A. The QEPEMis evaluated with the traditional methods, in terms of SystemThroughput, Fairness Index, Packet Loss Rate, and PacketDelay. The QEPEM measures the user’s QoE, and feedback toeNodeB for scheduling decisions along with other importantparameters. Our proposed method reduces the packet delay,packet loss, and increases the fairness and UE’s power savingwith high users satisfaction.
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| 5. |
- Mushtaq, M. Sajid, et al.
(author)
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QoS-Aware LTE Downlink Scheduler for VoIP with Power Saving
- 2012
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In: Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467351652 ; , s. 243-250
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The addition of emerging multimedia services such as Skype, GTalk, multi-user interactive gaming in cellular communication systems has created new challenges for resource allocation and power optimization. The requirement of efficient resource allocation is more important in downlink than uplink due to high traffic flows. These multimedia applications require more power, therefore power optimization has gained a key role in future communication systems. In this paper, a downlink scheduling technique in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is proposed that improves the Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia services in relation with use of the power saving scheme at the User Equipment (UE) i.e. Discontinuous Reception (DRX). The DRX effectively improves power consumption at the cost of QoS degradation due to higher packet delays and packet losses. The proposed scheme considers key QoS parameters during scheduling with fair resource allocation while minimizing packet delay and packet loss even in a power saving environment.
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| 6. |
- Sajid Mushtaq, M., et al.
(author)
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QoE/QoS-aware LTE downlink scheduler for VoIP with power saving
- 2015
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In: Journal of Network and Computer Applications. - : Elsevier. - 1084-8045 .- 1095-8592. ; 51, s. 29-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emerging and fastest growing multimedia services such as Skype, GTalk and interactive video gaming have created new challenges for wireless communication technologies, especially in terms of resource allocation and power optimization of User Equipments (UEs). The efficient resources and the power optimization are very important in the next communication systems because new multimedia services are more resource and power hungry. Having more traffic flow in the downlink as compared to the uplink, the resource allocation schemes in the downlink are more important than those in the uplink. In this paper, we have proposed a new downlink scheduling scheme, known as Quality-aware DRX (Q-DRX) Scheme, for Long Term Evaluation (LTE) wireless networks that not only improves the Quality of Service (QoS) to satisfy the users experience of multimedia services but also saves the UEs power by using the Discontinuous Reception (DRX). This paper investigates how the different durations of DRX Light and Deep Sleep cycles affect the QoS and influence the Quality of Experience (QoE) of end users, in the context of Voice over IP (VoIP) traffic delivery over the LTE wireless network. The performance of the Q-DRX scheme is evaluated with traditional scheduling schemes, in the perception of the following important parameters, System Throughput, Throughput Fairness Index, Packet Loss Rate and Packet Delay. Our proposed Q-DRX Scheme successfully minimized the packets delay and packets loss by considering the key parameters of QoS with fair resources distribution among the UEs to achieve a high satisfaction level. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Wu, Y., et al.
(author)
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Electrolyte-free fuel cell : Principles and crosslink research
- 2020
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In: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. ; , s. 347-378
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Semiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials and technologies. Fuel cells have been developed in line with traditional electrochemistry employing three basic functional components: anode, electrolyte and cathode. The electrolyte is a key component to the device performance by providing an ionic charge flow pathway between the anode and cathode but preventing electron conduction. By contrast, semiconductors and the derived heterostructures with electronic (hole) conducting materials have been strongly developed with much better ionic conductors instead of a conventional ionic electrolyte for novel fuel cells. Energy band structures and alignments, band-bending and built-in-field are all important parameters in this context to accomplish the necessary fuel cell functionalities. This chapter extends widely the semiconductor-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies, describing their fundamentals and working principles, with an intention to advance the understanding of the semiconductors and energy bands role in electrochemical devices of energy conversion and storage, as well as applications for emerging demands, widely involving in energy applications, such as photo catalysis/water splitting; battery and solar cell etc. It provides new ideas and new solutions to the problems beyond the conventional electrochemistry and presents new inter-disciplinary approaches to develop clean energy conversion and storage technologies.
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