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- Parker, P, et al.
(author)
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Progress in integrated assessment and modelling
- 2002
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In: Environmental Modelling & Software. - 1364-8152. ; 17:3, s. 209-217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental processes have been modelled for decades. However. the need for integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) has,town as the extent and severity of environmental problems in the 21st Century worsens. The scale of IAM is not restricted to the global level as in climate change models, but includes local and regional models of environmental problems. This paper discusses various definitions of IAM and identifies five different types of integration that Lire needed for the effective solution of environmental problems. The future is then depicted in the form of two brief scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. The current state of IAM is then briefly reviewed. The issues of complexity and validation in IAM are recognised as more complex than in traditional disciplinary approaches. Communication is identified as a central issue both internally among team members and externally with decision-makers. stakeholders and other scientists. Finally it is concluded that the process of integrated assessment and modelling is considered as important as the product for any particular project. By learning to work together and recognise the contribution of all team members and participants, it is believed that we will have a strong scientific and social basis to address the environmental problems of the 21st Century.
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| 3. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Competences developed in a double degree programme : Master of science in engineering and in education
- 2017
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In: INTED2017. - : IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT. - 9788461784912 ; , s. 1762-1767
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since 2002 there has been a double degree programme in Stockholm, Sweden thanks to a joint venture between KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University. After five years of studying, which is the stipulated time for the teacher programme and engineering programmes in general, the graduates become engineers and teachers. By choosing this programme the graduates have the option of two professions during their careers. At present Sweden is in desperate need of more teachers in maths, science, and technology. These career options also offer flexibility when the number of teenagers decreases, or companies have to downsize. Sceptics might fear that this programme could lead to less competence, due to less time spent on specialising within the subjects of engineering, but according to Trevelyan most engineers spend more time on human interaction than on design and calculus [1]. Thus, studies in education can provide engineers with additional useful competence. Previous studies on double degree programmes have mainly focused on organizational problems, except for Wimshurst & Manning who mapped students' ongoing experiences when they combined a degree in criminology with degrees in other disciplines. These students complained about disjoint courses instead of joint discourses [2]. The aim of our study is to map and analyse: 1 how alumni evaluate this programme in retrospect, and 2 how they describe their present competences. Accordingly, 49 alumni answered a questionnaire in June 2016; and 15 of these respondents were selected for a tape recorded interview face to face. These alumni graduated from the programme 2-9 years ago. The data were coded according to principles of Grounded Theory [3]. In retrospect these alumni do appreciate the programme. Most respondents comment on the merits of maths learnt at KTH, though only a minority of engineers use higher maths as a practical tool. On the other hand, maths serves as a prototype for problem solving in general. Studies and training in leadership, learning theories and communication offer important tools for most engineers. Alumni employed as teachers claim that they are more well-prepared to teach maths, science, and technology than other teachers, partly because they can illustrate phenomena by giving examples from other realities than the school context. Alumni's descriptions of their present competence illuminate various combinations of engineering and educational skills. When data were coded three main categories emerged: material, processual and functional. Finally, the core category was formulated as follows: The programme matches new needs in present working life, i.e. that expertise knowledge is communicated to various kinds of recipients. The programme does not primarily reproduce labour, but rather support alumni in creating niches for themselves by pushing, widening and going beyond previous professional roles in working life. Conclusion: The double degree programme provides labour market with competent teachers and with communicative engineers. This is important in our era, when working life is partly transforming from standardized production into flexible knowledge processing.
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| 4. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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DOUBLE DEGREES : HITS AND PITS FOR THE CAREERS
- 2017
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In: INTED2017. - : IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT. - 9788461784912 ; , s. 4302-4309
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most of the programmes at KTH Royal Institute of Technology are engineering programmes with traditional contents, but some are norm-breaking innovations, created to respond to changes or demands perceived in society or in working life. One example is the double degree programme Master of Science in Engineering and in Education, given in cooperation with Stockholm University. In this programme students get two degrees, one in engineering and one in education as teachers for the upper secondary school. This is a rather unusual concept in Sweden and Europe, but similar programmes exist in Gothenburg, Sweden, and in Tampere, Finland. Graduates from Master of Science in Engineering and in Education have several career options. Their engineering degrees are characterised by much Mathematics and Pedagogics, but also contain a specialisation in Physics, Chemistry or Technology/Computer Science. Besides working as engineers, graduates can work as teachers in the upper secondary school. It is a challenge for students in these double degree programmes to develop two professional identities [1]. Similar identity problems also exist for scientists who later add a second career as teacher, but they focus on one career at a time, which could make it easier [2]. In this study we focus on how alumni from Master of Science in Engineering and in Education describe their working tasks and careers, and how they perceive their success on the job market. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews. The development of the careers was addressed in a web questionnaire, sent out in the spring 2016 to alumni who graduated 2-9 years ago (49 respondents). To get more details, we invited 17 of the respondents to follow up interviews. The programme exit survey, given to all graduates within 12 months from their graduation, provides a picture of the introduction to working life (106 respondents). Preliminary results indicate that a little more than half of the graduates work in business, about 30% work as teachers, and about 10% are employed at universities. 2-9 years later, only a slightly higher percentage seems to have been working as teachers. About 10% of the alumni seem to have been working as engineers as well as teachers, and about 20% with education in another context than school. More than 50% of the respondents think that they have been favoured on the job market by having studied this particular double degree programme. About 40% express that they have been neither or both disadvantaged and favoured, and about 10% think that they have been disadvantaged. Some express that they were more favoured on the job market for teachers than on the job market for engineers. The interviews provide details about the introduction to working life. Those who work as teachers seem to have a busy first year. They perceive that their subject knowledge is appreciated and many have additional responsibilities as e.g. scheduler, head of department, or for the learning management system. When applying for jobs in engineering, many find it challenging to explain their qualifications to an employer. Especially outside of Stockholm, few employers seem to have knowledge of the programme and of double degrees in engineering and in education. Many respondents seem to find the first year as an engineer to be a soft start, but some data indicate that they may advance rapidly towards more difficult challenges and responsibilities.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Raman scattering of water and ice; an experimental view
- 2010
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In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 177:03-feb, s. 99-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we present a review of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Raman scattering with the perspective to understand the spectra of water including changes with temperature, mass of the water molecule and presence of monovalent ions. The different detection schemes are discussed and it is concluded that transmission X-ray absorption measurements, using a small area where the thickness is uniform, and X-ray Raman scattering give the most reliable spectra. Different model systems are discussed such as the surface and bulk of ice and various adsorbed monolayer structures on metal surfaces.
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