| 1. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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In: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 2. |
- Neve, Jesper, 1949-
(author)
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Calculations of electronic structures with applications to transport properties and to low energy electron diffraction
- 1982
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The content of this thesis can be divided into two topics. The first topic is the calculation of the electronic structure of solids and clusters within the local density approximation. The second topic concerns the applications of the electronic structure calculations to optical and electrical conductivity and to Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED).The N-body problem in the solid state is mentioned and the local density approximation is introduced as one way to solve the electronic structure problem. The concepts of ground state and excited state potentials are discussed. The linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) method is presented as a tool for calculating the electron states in a solid. An introduction to the discrete variation method (DVM), applied to clusters is given.The LMTO method has been used to calculate the electronic structure of EuO, where the space group symmetry of the solid was used to simplify the analysis of the electron states. The optical conductivity of Cs has been investigated and the experimental spectrum was analysed in terms of interband transitions obtained from SCF-LMTO calculations. The volume dependence of the electrical conductivity of Al, V, Nb, and Pb is reported. The plasma frequency Q, the density of states at the Fermi level, the expectation value of the Fermi velocity squared, 2>, and the effective optical mass mop /m are calculated as functions of volume.The DVM together with energy dependent excited state potentials are used in a LEED analysis of the Al(lll) and Al(lll)p(1x1)0 structures. The oxygen to aluminum interlayer spacing was found to be 0.7 Å. The choice of exchange-correlation potential for use in LEED is discussed in the case of a Cu(lll) surface. It is shown that an energy dependent inner potential gives excellent agreement with experiment. The same machinery is utilized in a LEED investigation of the Cu(lll)p(2x2)Cs structure. We find that the Cs atoms are placed on-top of the Cu atoms. The Cs-Cu interlayer spacing is found to be 3.02 ±0.04 Å.
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| 3. |
- Neve, Jesper, et al.
(author)
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Electron band structure, resistivity, and the electron-phonon interaction for niobium under pressure
- 1983
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In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - : American Physical Society. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 28:2, s. 629-637
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accurate measurements of the electrical resistance of Nb are presented as a function of temperature and pressure in the region 0-40°C and 0-1 GPa. From these measurements and published results for the compressibility and the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc we evaluate the pressure dependence of the electron-gas plasma frequency ω(p). The electronic structure of Nb is calculated from a self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method and results are obtained for the pressure dependence of the density of states at the Fermi surface, the root mean square over the Fermi surface of the Fermi velocity, the optical mass, and the plasma frequency. The experimental and calculated results for the pressure dependence of ω(p) are both close to dlnω2 / dlnV=-1.9. This agreement suggests that measurements of the electrical resistance as a function of temperature and pressure provide a new test of band-structure calculations. From our measurements of the resistance and calculations of ω(p) and from published results for the compressibility we obtain the pressure dependence of the electron-phonon interaction λ(p). With p given in gigapascals, the result is dlnλ / dp=-0.0047.
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| 4. |
- Rapp, Östen, et al.
(author)
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Possibility of superconductivity in palladium at high pressures
- 1984
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In: LT-17. - Amsterdam : North-Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. - 0444869107 ; , s. 865-866
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- On the basis of measurements of the resistivity and calculations of the density of states and the plasma frequency it is concluded that palladium may become superconducting at high pressures.
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| 5. |
- Sundqvist, Bertil, et al.
(author)
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Pressure dependence of the electron-phonon interaction and Fermi-surface properties of Al, Au, bcc Li, Pb, and Pd
- 1985
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 32:4, s. 2200-2212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrical resistance of Li, Pd, Au, and Pb is measured as a function of temperature and pressure in the region -20 °C to +30 °C and 0–1.3 GPa. Self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital band-structure calculations of these elements and of Al are performed at normal and reduced volumes. Results are obtained for the density of states N(EF), the average Fermi ve- locity, the optical mass, the plasma frequency ω, and the volume dependence of these parameters. The pressure dependence of the electron-phonon interaction λ(p) is obtained from these measurements and the calculated ω(p). For the superconducting elements there is good agreement with the measured superconducting Tc(p). Results from our previous measurements and calculations on Al, V, Nb, and La and published results for ω(p) are included in this comparison. λ(p) increases with pressure for bcc Li and decreases for Pd and Au. Pressure is expected to suppress spin fluctuations much faster than λ(p) in Pd. The possibility of inducing superconductivity by pressure in Pd and bcc Li is discussed. The electronic Grüneisen parameter γe is obtained from λ(p) and the volume dependence of N(EF). Comparison with other results for γe generally shows good agreement.
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