| 1. |
- Appeltans, W., et al.
(author)
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The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity
- 2012
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 22:23, s. 2189-2202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.
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| 2. |
- Ng, S.W.P., et al.
(author)
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Ca. 820-640 Ma SIMS U-Pb age signal in the peripheral Vijayan Complex, Sri Lanka: Identifying magmatic pulses in the assembly of Gondwana.
- 2017
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In: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 294, s. 244-256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sri Lanka comprises three roughly north-south trending amphibolite- to granulite-facies lithotectonic complexes, from west to east the Highland Complex, the Wanni Complex, and the Vijayan Complex. These terranes were correlated with other East Gondwana continental terranes with similar lithologies forming at similar ages. The Wanni Complex and the Vijayan Complex have been interpreted as volcanic arc terranes brought together by a double-sided subduction. The Highland Complex represents the metamorphosed accretionary prism within the suture when the Wanni and Vijayan Complexes were juxtaposing against each other. In contrast to the Wanni and Highland Complexes, the Vijayan Complex has yielded only a few geochronological data with satisfactory precision. Previous studies suggested that the Vijayan Complex comprises ∼1100–924 Ma granitic gneisses, which were metamorphosed during ∼590–456 Ma. More recently, ∼772–617 Ma mafic intrusions have been identified. This study divides the Vijayan granitic gneisses and the associated melt products geochemically into a low-Nb series and a more primitive high-Nb series. Our SIMS U-Pb zircon data suggested that both series have protolith magmatic ages of ∼1062–935 Ma, and metamorphic ages of ∼580–521 Ma, which is consistent with previous work. However, some of the Vijayan granitic gneisses and granitic anatectic melt products at the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone preserve an additional Tonian-Cryogenian (∼820–630 Ma) age signal. This age signal suggested that felsic magmatism also occurred when mafic granulites were emplaced along the Highland-Vijayan boundary, which is broadly coeval with to the bimodal magmatism occurring along the Highland-Wanni boundary. This study also suggests that charnockitisation in the Vijayan Complex occurred at 562 ± 6 Ma during the Neoproterozoic regional metamorphism. The Tonian-Cryogenian signal preserved in the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone can also be found in the alkaline intrusion hosted by the Namuno Terrane and the Lurio Belt in Mozambique. This indicates a relationship between the Vijayan granitic gneisses and the Lurio foreland metagranitic basement, while the Namuno Terrane and the Lurio Belt are correlated with the Highland-Vijayan tectonic mixed zone. The ages and the isotope signatures of these granitic bodies further suggest a genetic relationship of these granitic bodies with various magmatic intrusions in East Antarctica.
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| 3. |
- Charalampous, P., et al.
(author)
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Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review
- 2022
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In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies. Methods We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the grey literature supplemented by handsearching, for BoD studies. We included injury BoD studies that quantified the BoD expressed in YLL, YLD, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in countries within the European Region between early-1990 and mid-2021. Results We retrieved 2,914 results of which 48 performed an injury-specific BoD assessment. Single-country independent and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-linked injury BoD studies were performed in 11 European countries. Approximately 79% of injury BoD studies reported the BoD by external cause-of-injury. Most independent studies used the incidence-based approach to calculate YLDs. About half of the injury disease burden studies applied disability weights (DWs) developed by the GBD study. Almost all independent injury studies have determined YLL using national life tables. Conclusions Considerable methodological variation across independent injury BoD assessments was observed; differences were mainly apparent in the design choices and assumption parameters towards injury YLD calculations, implementation of DWs, and the choice of life table for YLL calculations. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting of injury BoD studies is crucial to enhance transparency and comparability of injury BoD estimates across Europe and beyond.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Y., et al.
(author)
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Anthropogenic Aerosols Cause Recent Pronounced Weakening of Asian Summer Monsoon Relative to Last Four Centuries
- 2019
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In: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 46:10, s. 5469-5479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) affects ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security of billions of people. In recent decades, ASM strength (as represented by precipitation) has been decreasing, but instrumental measurements span only a short period of time. The initiation and the dynamics of the recent trend are unclear. Here for the first time, we use an ensemble of 10 tree ring-width chronologies from the west-central margin of ASM to reconstruct detail of ASM variability back to 1566 CE. The reconstruction captures weak/strong ASM events and also reflects major locust plagues. Notably, we found an unprecedented 80-year trend of decreasing ASM strength within the context of the 448-year reconstruction, which is contrary to what is expected from greenhouse warming. Our coupled climate model shows that increasing anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions over the Northern Hemisphere could be the dominant factor contributing to the ASM decrease. Plan Language Summary Monsoonal rainfall has a certain influence on agriculture and industry in the regions of Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM). An understanding of the spatial-temporal variability of the ASM and the associated dynamics is vital for terrestrial ecosystems, water resources, forests, and landscapes. We have developed a 448-year ASM reconstruction back to 1566 CE using 10 tree ring chronologies from the margin region of ASM. We find that historical severe droughts and locust plague disasters during weak ASM events. The recent decreasing ASM trend persisting for over 80 years is unprecedented over the past 448 years. Coupled climate models show that increasing anthropogenic aerosol emissions are the dominant underlying factor. Our aim is that the time series will find a wide range of utility for understanding past climate variability and for predicting future climate change.
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| 5. |
- Ng, S.W.-P., et al.
(author)
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Petrogenesis of Malaysian granitoids in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt: Part 1. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics.
- 2015
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In: Geological Society of America Bulletin. - 0016-7606 .- 1943-2674. ; 127, s. 1209-1237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Malaysian granitoids of the Southeast Asian tin belt have been traditionally divided into a Permian to Late Triassic “I-type”–dominated arc-related Eastern province (Indochina terrane) and a Late Triassic “S-type”–dominated collision-related Main Range province (Sibumasu terrane), separated by the Bentong-Raub Paleo-Tethyan suture that closed in the Late Triassic. The present study, however, shows that this model is oversimplified and that the direct application of Chappell and White’s (1974) I- and S-type classification cannot account for many of the characteristics shared by Malaysian granitoids. Despite being commonly hornblende bearing, as is typical for I-type granites, the roof zones of the Eastern province granites are hornblende free. In addition, the Main Range province granitoids contain insignificant primary muscovite, and are dominated by biotite granites, mineralogically similar to many of the plutons of the Eastern province. In general, the Malaysian granitoids from both provinces are more enriched in high field strength elements than typical Cordilleran I- and S-type granitoids. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the Eastern province granitoids, and their relationship with contemporaneous volcanics, confirm their I-type nature. The bulk liquid lines of descent of both granitic provinces largely overlap with one another. Sr-Nd isotopic data further demonstrate that the Malaysian granitoids, especially those of the Main Range, were hybridized melts derived from two “end-member” source regions, one of which is isotopically similar to the Kontum orthoamphibolites and the other akin to the Kontum paragneisses of the Indochina block. However, there are differences in the source rocks for the two provinces, and it is suggested in this paper that these are related to differing proportions of igneous and sedimentary protoliths. The incorporation of sedimentary-sourced melts in the Eastern province is insignificant, which allowed the granites in this belt to maintain their I-type nature. The presence of minor primary tin mineralization in the Eastern province compared to the much more significant tin endowment in the Main Range is considered to reflect the incorporation of a smaller proportion of sedimentary protolith in the melt products of the former.
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| 6. |
- Ng, S.W.--P., et al.
(author)
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Petrogenesis of Malaysian granitoids in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt: Part 2. U-Pb zircon geochronology and tectonic model.
- 2015
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In: Geological Society of America Bulletin. - 0016-7606 .- 1943-2674. ; 127, s. 1238-1258
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In our complementary geochemical study (Part 1), the Malaysian granitoids of the Southeast Asian tin belt were divided into a Middle Permian to Late Triassic I-type–dominated Eastern province (Indochina terrane) and a Triassic to Early Jurassic transitional I/S-type Main Range province (Sibumasu terrane), separated by the Bentong-Raub suture zone which closed in the Late Triassic. Previous geochronology has relied on only a few U-Pb zircon ages together with K-Ar and whole rock Rb-Sr ages that may not accurately record true magmatic ages. We present 39 new high-precision U-Pb zircon ion microprobe ages from granitoids and volcanics across the Malay Peninsula. Our results show that ages from the Eastern province granitoids span 289–220 Ma, with those from the Main Range province granitoids being entirely Late Triassic, spanning 227–201 Ma. A general westerly younging magmatic trend across the Malay Peninsula is considered to reflect steepening and roll-back of the Bentong-Raub subduction zone during progressive closure of Paleo-Tethys. The youngest ages of subduction-related granites in the Eastern province roughly coincide with the youngest ages of marine sedimentary rocks along the Paleo-Tethyan suture zone. Our petrogenetic and U-Pb zircon age data support models that relate the Eastern province granites to pre-collisional Andean-type magmatism and the western Main Range province granites to syn- and post-collisional crustal melting of Sibumasu crust during the Late Triassic. Tin mineralization was mainly associated with the latter phase of magmatism. Two alternative tectonic models are discussed to explain the Triassic evolution of the Malay Peninsula. The first involves a second Late Triassic to Jurassic or Early Cretaceous east-dipping subduction zone west of Sibumasu where subduction-related hornblende and biotite–bearing granites along Sibumasu are paired with Main Range crustal-melt tin-bearing granites, analogous to the Bolivia Cordilleran tin-bearing granite belt. The second model involves westward underthrusting of Indochina beneath the West Malaya Main Range province, resulting in crustal thickening and formation of tin-bearing granites of the Main Ranges. Cretaceous granitoids are also present locally in Singapore (Ubin diorite), on Tioman Island, in the Noring pluton, of the Stong complex (Eastern Province), and along the Sibumasu terrane in southwest Thailand and Burma (Myanmar), reflecting localized crustal melting.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ng, Janice S.W., et al.
(author)
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Using Tetracysteine-Tagged TDP-43 with a Biarsenical Dye to Monitor Real-Time Trafficking in a Cell Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 2019
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In: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4995 .- 0006-2960. ; 58:39, s. 4086-4095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as the major constituent of the proteinaceous inclusions that are characteristic of most forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ubiquitin positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Wild type TDP-43 inclusions are a pathological hallmark of >95% of patients with sporadic ALS and of the majority of familial ALS cases, and they are also found in a significant proportion of FTLD cases. ALS is the most common form of motor neuron disease, characterized by progressive weakness and muscular wasting, and typically leads to death within a few years of diagnosis. To determine how the translocation and misfolding of TDP-43 contribute to ALS pathogenicity, it is crucial to define the dynamic behavior of this protein within the cellular environment. It is therefore necessary to develop cell models that allow the location of the protein to be defined. We report the use of TDP-43 with a tetracysteine tag for visualization using fluorogenic biarsenical compounds and show that this model displays features of ALS observed in other cell models. We also demonstrate that this labeling procedure enables live-cell imaging of the translocation of the protein from the nucleus into the cytosol.
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| 9. |
- Ng, S.W.P., et al.
(author)
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Late Triassic granites from Bangka, Indonesia: a continuation of the Main Range granite province of the South-East Asian Tin Belt.
- 2017
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In: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1367-9120 .- 1878-5786. ; 138, s. 548-561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The South-East Asian Tin Belt is one of the most tin-productive regions in the world. It comprises three north-south oriented granite provinces, of which the arc-related Eastern granite province and the collision-related Main Range granite province run across Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia. These tin-producing granite provinces with different mineral assemblages are separated by Paleo-Tethyan sutures exposed in Thailand and Malaysia. The Eastern Province is usually characterised by granites with biotite ± hornblende. Main Range granites are sometimes characterised by the presence of biotite ± muscovite. However, the physical boundary between the two types of granite is not well-defined on the Indonesian Tin Islands, because the Paleo-Tethyan suture is not exposed on land there. Both hornblende-bearing (previously interpreted as I-type) and hornblende-barren (previously interpreted as S-type) granites are apparently randomly distributed on the Indonesian Tin Islands. Granites exposed on Bangka, the largest and southernmost Tin Island, no matter whether they are hornblende-bearing or hornblende-barren, are geochemically similar to Malaysian Main Range granites. The average ɛNd(t) value obtained from the granites from Bangka (average ɛNd(t) = −8.2) falls within the range of the Main Range Province (−9.6 to −5.4). These granites have SIMS zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 225 Ma and ca. 220 Ma, respectively that are both within the period of Main Range magmatism (∼226–201 Ma) in the Peninsular Malaysia. We suggest that the granites exposed on Bangka represent the continuation of the Main Range Province, and that the Paleo-Tethyan suture lies to the east of the island.
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