| 1. |
- Lind, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Parietal cortex activation predicts memory decline in apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 carriers
- 2006
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In: NeuroReport. - Oxford : Rapid Communications of Oxford. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:16, s. 1683-1686
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Apolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 is the main known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Functional abnormalities in the parietal cortex have been reported for Alzheimer's disease patients and also for those at risk. Hence, a critical question is whether measurements of parietal cortex integrity may predict negative outcome among at-risk persons. We studied nondementedapolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 carriers and found a significant relationship between parietal blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging response during a word categorization task and subsequent episodic memory performance. Thus, the results show that parietal cortex alterations predict memory decline in nondemented apolipoprotein E-[varepsilon]4 carriers, and hence likely progression to Alzheimer's disease.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Göran, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Challenging the notion of an early-onset of cognitive decline.
- 2009
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 30:4, s. 521-524; discussion 530
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Salthouse claims that cognitive aging starts around 20 years of age. The basis for this claim is cross-sectional data. He dismisses longitudinal data, which typically show the cognitive decline to start much later, around 60 years of age. He states that longitudinal data cannot be trusted because they are flawed. There is a confounding between the effects of maturation and retest effects. We challenge Salthouse's strong claim on four accounts.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Jonas, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Altered brain white matter integrity in healthy carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele : A risk for AD?
- 2006
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In: Neurology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 66, s. 1029-1033
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The neural mechanisms by which these genetic variations influence behavioral performance or clinical severity are not well understood.METHODS: The authors used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate ultrastructural properties in brain white matter to detect pathologic processes that modify tissue integrity. Sixty participants were included in the study of which 30 were homozygous for the APOE epsilon3 allele, 10 were homozygous for the APOE epsilon4 allele, and 20 had the APOE epsilon34 allele combination. All individuals were non-demented, and the groups were matched on demographic variables and cognitive performance.RESULTS: The results showed a decline in fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter integrity, in the posterior corpus callosum of epsilon4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Additional sites of altered white matter integrity included the medial temporal lobe.CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism underlying vulnerability of white matter tracts in APOE epsilon4 carriers is still unknown, these findings suggest that increased genetic risk for developing Alzheimer disease is associated with changes in microscopic white matter integrity well before the onset of dementia.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Jonas, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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The memory-enhancing effects of Ginseng and Ginkgo biloba in healthy volunteers
- 2004
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In: Psychopharmacology. - Berlin : Springer-Verlag. - 0033-3158 .- 1432-2072. ; 172:4, s. 430-434
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: The use of herbal remedies, such as Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng, for improving cognitive performance has become increasingly popular during recent years. Several previous studies have indicated that administration of Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng may improve aspects of learning and memory in healthy volunteers. These results, however, are generally not supported by well-controlled clinical studies. Also, positive results have often been reported from studies investigating effects related to short-term, chronic administration of the extract. Nonetheless, both Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng are marketed as having the capacity to enhance cognitive functions, such as memory and learning, in the long term. Objective: This study aimed at investigating whether the use of Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng for a long period of time has positive effects on performance on learning and memory. Methods: Community-dwelling volunteers ( n=3500) from The Betula prospective cohort study: memory, health, and aging were included in the study. Results: It was found that the use of neither Ginkgo biloba ( n=40) nor Ginseng ( n=86) was associated with enhanced memory performance in any of the eight memory tests examined, relative to control groups either using or not using nutritional supplements. Conclusions: These findings indicate that use of Ginkgo biloba or Ginseng does not provide any quantifiable beneficial effects on memory performance in the long-term in healthy adult volunteers.
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| 5. |
- Sundström, Anna, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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APOE influences on neurosychological function after mild head injury : within-person comparisons
- 2004
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In: Neurology. - Minneapolis, Minn : Lancet Publications Inc.. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 62:11, s. 1963-1966
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine the relationship between neuropsychological outcome following mild head injury (MHI) and APOE genotype. Methods: Data from a population-based longitudinal study (n = 3,500) were used to identify 34 adults who experienced MHI during the course of the study. Their pre- and postinjury performances on a battery of nine neuropsychological tests were compared within person, and the postinjury performance was compared with that of age- and gender-matched control subjects. Results: The within-person comparisons showed that participants with at least oneAPOE ε4 allele (n = 11) had a significantly decreased postinjury performance on three of the tests, whereas the postinjury performance for APOE ε4-negative participants (n = 23) was unchanged. There was no significant difference in postinjury performance between participants with/without the ε4 allele, and neither group was impaired relative to controls. Conclusions: APOE genotype may influence the outcome following an MHI. Pre/postinjury within-person comparisons seem more sensitive than control group comparisons for detecting injury-related effects.
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| 6. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(author)
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Aging, memory, and decision making
- 2015
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In: Aging and decision making. - : Elsevier. - 9780124171558 - 9780124171480 ; , s. 127-148
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aging differentially affects diverse aspects of memory functioning. In turn, memory changes have specific effects on different judgment and decision-making tasks. This chapter focuses on the consequences of age-related changes in memory processes-including working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, and implicit memory-and how these changes affect performance on judgment and decision-making tasks. A review of relevant research shows how the decline in working memory negatively affects performance on the more cognitively demanding decision-making tasks. It also shows that working memory plays a central role in explaining the age-related decline in decision making. Moreover, the review illustrates how different memory processes, showing distinct age-related trajectories, may functionally support performance on different kinds of judgment and decision-making tasks. Finally, the chapter discusses how age-related memory changes may interact with other cognitive and noncognitive changes in shaping decision-making behavior.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Göran, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Is dementia inevitable? : Introduction
- 2014. - 1
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In: Dementia and memory. - Hove : Psychology Press. - 9781848722927 ; , s. 93-96
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Lars-Göran, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Memory systems and dementia : Introduction
- 2014. - 1
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In: Dementia and memory. - Hove : Psychology Press. - 9781848722927 ; , s. 141-144
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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