| 1. |
- Chen, Mingming, et al.
(author)
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Carbon anode in direct carbon fuel cell
- 2010
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In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 35:7, s. 2732-2736
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a kind of high temperature fuel cell using carbon materials directly as anode. Electrochemical reactivity and surface property of carbon were taken into account in this paper. Four representative carbon samples were selected. The most suitable ratio of the ternary eutectic mixture Li2CO3-K2CO3-Al2O3 was determined at 1.05:1.2:1(mass ration). Conceptual analysis for electrochemical reactivity of carbon anode shows the importance of (1) reactive characteristics including lattice disorder, edge-carbon ratio and the number of short alkyl side chain of carbon material, which builds the prime foundation of the anodic half-cell reaction; (2) surface wetting ability, which assures the efficient contact of anode surface with electrolyte. It indicates that anode reaction rate and DCFC output can be notably improved if carbon are pre-dispersed into electrolyte before acting as anode, due to the straightway shift from cathode to anode for CO32- provided by electrolyte soaked in carbon material.
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| 2. |
- Xu, Sihong, et al.
(author)
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Carbon doped MO-SDC material as an SOFC anode
- 2007
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In: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 165:1, s. 82-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxide mixtures MO-SDC, M=Cu, Ni, Co, SDC=Ce0.9Sm0.1O1.95 were synthesized by employing a citrate/nitrate combustion technique. Two kinds of Carbon materials, activated carbon (AC) and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) were homogeneously dispersed into the MO-SDC. The materials can be used as anodes to fabricate single cells using a uniaxial die-press method. The sintering temperature was studied to optimize cell performance. Experimental results showed that cells sintered at 700 degrees C had better performance. When the temperature was above 750 degrees C, the cells were severely distorted, and cannot be tested. Compared with the basic MO-SDC anode, AC and VGCF improve the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode properties, due to a change of the microstructures of the anode materials which enhance their electron conductivity. Single cell performances were evaluated by I-V measurements, and when 1.25 wt.%VGCF was introduced into the MO-SDC by ball-milling, termed: 1.25 wt.%VGCF-MO-SDC, the 1.25 wt.%VGCF-MO-SDC anode material could achieve the highest power density of up to 0.326 W cm(-2) with H-2 as fuel. The calcination temperature of the MO-SDC dry gel also strongly influenced the electrochemical performance of the 1.25 wt.%VGCF-MO-SDC material. XRD spectra for each calcined temperature and the I-V measurement both suggest that calcinations at 550 degrees C for 1 h are suitable. 1.0 wt.%AC-MO-SDC and 1.25 wt.%VGCF-MO-SDC have similar performance when the cell was fed in methanol/3%H2O, and the corresponding power density was up to 0.253 W cm(-2). Traces of carbon were found in the off-gases.
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