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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
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In: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Hivert, Marie-France, et al.
(author)
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Pathophysiology from preconception, during pregnancy, and beyond
- 2024
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In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 404:10448, s. 158-174
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy. Historically, gestational diabetes was considered a pregnancy complication involving treatment of rising glycaemia late in the second trimester. However, recent evidence challenges this view. Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy-specific factors influence gestational glycaemia, with open questions regarding roles of non-glycaemic factors in the aetiology and consequences of gestational diabetes. Varying patterns of insulin secretion and resistance in early and late pregnancy underlie a heterogeneity of gestational diabetes in the timing and pathophysiological subtypes with clinical implications: early gestational diabetes and insulin resistant gestational diabetes subtypes are associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications. Metabolic perturbations of early gestational diabetes can affect early placental development, affecting maternal metabolism and fetal development. Fetal hyperinsulinaemia can affect the development of multiple fetal tissues, with short-term and long-term consequences. Pregnancy complications are prevented by managing glycaemia in early and late pregnancy in some, but not all women with gestational diabetes. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of gestational diabetes will help to develop novel management approaches with focus on improved prevention of maternal and offspring short-term and long-term complications, from pre-conception, throughout pregnancy, and beyond.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dooley, James, et al.
(author)
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Genetic predisposition for beta cell fragility underlies type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- 2016
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 48, s. 519-527
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes share pathophysiological characteristics, yet mechanistic links have remained elusive. T1D results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, whereas beta cell failure in T2D is delayed and progressive. Here we find a new genetic component of diabetes susceptibility in T1D non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, identifying immune-independent beta cell fragility. Genetic variation in Xrcc4 and Glis3 alters the response of NOD beta cells to unfolded protein stress, enhancing the apoptotic and senescent fates. The same transcriptional relationships were observed in human islets, demonstrating the role of beta cell fragility in genetic predisposition to diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Gau, Rémi, et al.
(author)
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Brainhack : Developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience
- 2021
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In: Neuron. - : Elsevier. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 109:11, s. 1769-1775
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open, inclusive environment. This NeuroView describes the myriad benefits for participants and the research community and how Brainhacks complement conventional formats to augment scientific progress.
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| 7. |
- Haque, Mohammad M., et al.
(author)
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Cost-effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of early gestational diabetes mellitus : economic evaluation of the TOBOGM study, an international multicenter randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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In: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A recently undertaken multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) "Treatment Of BOoking Gestational diabetes Mellitus" (TOBOGM: 2017-2022) found that the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant women with early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) improved pregnancy outcomes. Based on data from the trial, this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of early GDM (from <20 weeks') among women with risk factors for hyperglycemia in pregnancy compared with usual care (no treatment until 24-28 weeks') from a healthcare perspective.METHODS: Participants' healthcare resource utilization data were collected from their self-reported questionnaires and hospital records, and valued using the unit costs obtained from standard Australian national sources. Costs were reported in US dollars ($) using the purchasing power parity (PPP) estimates to facilitate comparison of costs across countries. Intention-to-treat (ITT) principle was followed. Missing cost data were replaced using multiple imputations. Bootstrapping method was used to estimate the uncertainty around mean cost difference and cost-effectiveness results. Bootstrapped cost-effect pairs were used to plot the cost-effectiveness (CE) plane and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC).FINDINGS: Diagnosis and treatment of early GDM was more effective and tended to be less costly, i.e., dominant (cost-saving) [-5.6% composite adverse pregnancy outcome (95% CI: -10.1%, -1.2%), -$1373 (95% CI: -$3,749, $642)] compared with usual care. Our findings were confirmed by both the CE plane (88% of the bootstrapped cost-effect pairs fall in the south-west quadrant), and CEAC (the probability of the intervention being cost-effective ranged from 84% at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold value of $10,000-99% at a WTP threshold value of $100,000 per composite adverse pregnancy outcome prevented). Sub-group analyses demonstrated that diagnosis and treatment of early GDM among women in the higher glycemic range (fasting blood glucose 95-109 mg/dl [5.3-6.0 mmol/L], 1-h blood glucose ≥191 mg/dl [10.6 mmol/L] and/or 2-h blood glucose 162-199 mg/dl [9.0-11.0 mmol/L]) was more effective and less costly (dominant) [-7.8% composite adverse pregnancy outcome (95% CI: -14.6%, -0.9%), -$2795 (95% CI: -$6,638, -$533)]; the intervention was more effective and tended to be less costly [-8.9% composite adverse pregnancy outcome (95% CI: -15.1%, -2.6%), -$5548 (95% CI: -$16,740, $1547)] among women diagnosed before 14 weeks' gestation as well. INTERPRETATION: Our findings highlight the potential health and economic benefits from the diagnosis and treatment of early GDM among women with risk factors for hyperglycemia in pregnancy and supports its implementation. Long-term follow-up studies are recommended as a key future area of research to assess the potential long-term health benefits and economic consequences of the intervention.
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| 8. |
- Harreiter, Jürgen, et al.
(author)
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Behandlung von früh diagnostiziertem Gestationsdiabetes mellitus vor der 20. Schwangerschaftswoche : [Treatment of early diagnosed Gestational Diabetes mellitus before the 20th Week of Pregnancy]
- 2023
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In: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. - : Springer. - 0043-5325 .- 1613-7671. ; 135:Suppl. 7, s. S762-S762
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Einleitung: Bei Diagnose eines Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) vor der 20.Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) wird leitliniengemäß eine Therapie begonnen. Für diese Praxis liegt keine Evidenz vor, die eine Verbesserung der Gesundheit von Mutter oder Nachkommen bei GDM-Behandlung in der frühen Schwangerschaft belegt.Methoden: Frauen mit einem Risikofaktor für GDM wurden zwischen 4.−20.SSW bei Vorliegen einer GDM Diagnose nach WHO 2013 Kriterien randomisiert einer Behandlungsgruppe oder einer Kontrollgruppe zugeordnet. Die Behandlungs-gruppe erhielt sofortige GDM Behandlung, während die Kontrollgruppe je nach Ergebnissen eines erneuten oralen Glukosetoleranztests (OGTT) in der 24.−28.SSW eine verschobene oder keine Behandlung erhielt. Die Studie hatte drei primäre Endpunkte: eine Kombination ungünstiger neonataler Ereignisse (Geburt <37.SSW, Geburtstrauma, Geburtsgewicht ≥4500 g, RDS, Phototherapie, Totgeburt/neonataler Tod oder Schulterdystokie), schwangerschaftsbedingte Hypertonieerkrankungen (Präeklampsie, Eklampsie, gestationsbedingter Bluthochdruck) und neonatale fettfreie Körpermasse.Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 802 Frauen randomisiert (406 Sofortbehandlung, 396 Kontrollgruppe). Die Erstvisite fand durchschnittlich in der 15,6 ± 2,5 SSW statt. Der neonatale Kombinationsendpunkt trat bei 94/378 Frauen (24,9 %) bei sofortiger Behandlung und bei 113/370 Frauen (30,5 %) in der Kontrollgruppe auf (adj. Risikounterschied −5,6 %;95 % KI,–10,1;−1,2, RR 0,82;0,68-0,98). Schwangerschaftsbedingter Bluthochdruck trat bei 40/378 Frauen (10,6 %) bei sofortiger Behandlung und bei 37/372 Frauen (9,9 %) in der Kontrollgruppe auf (0,7 %,95 % KI,–1,6;2,9, RR 1.08;0.85–1.38). Die fettfreie Körpermasse der Neugeborenen betrug 2,86 kg bei sofortiger Behandlung und 2,91 kg in der Kontrollgruppe (−0,04 kg; 95 % KI,–0,09;0,02). Untergruppenanalysen zeigten eine stärkere Wirkung der Intervention auf neonatale Ergebnisse bei Frauen mit höheren Blutzuckerwerten und bei OGTT Durchführung vor der 14.SSW.Schlussfolgerung: Die sofortige Behandlung von Gestationsdiabetes vor der 20.SSW führte zu einer geringeren Häufigkeit ungünstiger neonataler Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu späterem Behandlungsbeginn.
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| 9. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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