| 1. |
- Walther, Charles, et al.
(author)
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Biphasic, Hyperdiploid Breast Tumors in Children: A Distinct Entity?
- 2012
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In: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. - 1536-3678.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: The differentiation between a giant fibroadenoma and a phyllodes tumor can be a precarious diagnostic task. However, the distinction between the 2 lesions is important to make, especially since the latter can be malignant and consequently the prognoses differ. PROCEDURE:: We used various genetic approaches to study a breast tumor showing features of both entities in a 10-year-old girl with a congenital cerebral malformation and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS:: Cytogenetic analysis of cultured tumor cells from 3 different samples revealed a hyperdiploid karyotype: 50-54,XX,+5,+13,+17,+18,+19,+20,+21. High-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis not only confirmed the trisomies, but also revealed uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosomes 10, 11, and 22. A consequence of UPD11 was a homozygous deletion in chromosome band 11p15 affecting the PARVA gene; this gene was hemizygously lost in constitutional DNA. Extended analysis of the family revealed that the deletion was inherited, but it did not segregate with breast tumors or congenital malformations. CONCLUSIONS:: Combined with the literature data, the findings in the present case strongly suggest that biphasic tumors with high hyperdiploid karyotypes constitute a distinct clinicomorphologic subgroup of benign breast tumors, being particularly common among young children.
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| 2. |
- Westin, Johan, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of respiratory tract infections
- 2008
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In: Journal of Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 41:1, s. 53-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Broad diagnostics of respiratoryinfection by molecular assays has not yet won acceptance due to technical difficulties and high costs. Objectives To evaluate clinical applicability of multiplexreal-timePCR. Study design An assay targeting influenza virus A (IfA) and B (IfB), parainfluenza 1-3 (PIV), human metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), enterovirus (EV), adenovirus (AdV), human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63), M. pneumoniae and Ch. pneumoniae was developed and run daily on consecutive clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. Results An etiology was identified in 48% of the 954 samples, with IfA in 25%, RV in 20%, MPV in 10% and M. pneumoniae in 10% of the positive. By a rational procedure costs could be reduced and the customer price set relatively low (€33 per sample). Conclusion Streamlined testing and cost limitation is achievable and probably critical for implementation of a broad molecular diagnostics of respiratoryinfections.
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| 3. |
- Ali Motamed, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Part-load thermal efficiency enhancement in gas turbine combined cycles by exhaust gas recirculation
- 2024
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In: Applied Thermal Engineering. - 1359-4311. ; 244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gas turbine power plants are popular for offshore power generation due to high power density and their reliability. However, growing usage of renewable energies put gas turbines in a load following backup operation. These power plants suffer part-load efficiency losses when operating at less than full capacity, resulting in higher carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from natural gas combined cycles or higher consumption of carbon-free fuels in decarbonized gas turbines. In this article, a solution is proposed for enhancement of power plant part-load thermal efficiency based on exhaust gas recirculation in the gas turbine cycle. Recirculating exhaust gas into the gas turbine have been studied by several researchers and engineers due to its benefit for carbon-free combustion and carbon capture mechanisms. The proposed operation strategy is evaluated for single-spool and two-spool gas turbines operating jointly with a steam bottoming cycle harvesting the waste heat for further power production. In the suggested strategy, eliminating the necessity to cool down the recirculated gas resulted in less equipment footprint for the power plant which makes it more favorable for offshore applications. An in-house design and simulation tool is developed for evaluating gas turbines with modern gas recirculating systems and a flexibility in operation with carbon-free fuel mixtures. The enhancement in efficiency boost, emission reduction, and fuel consumption is quantified demonstrating the improvements with the proposed solution.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Kent, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Introduktion till Operationsanalys : En antologi med essäer av studerande i militärteknik 2011
- 2012
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I ämnesplanen definieras militärteknik som ”den vetenskap som beskriver och förklarar hur tekniken inverkar på militär verksamhet på alla nivåer, strategisk, operativ och taktisk, samt hur officersprofessionen påverkar och påverkas av tekniken.”[1] En militärteknikers uppgift brukar, utgående från definitionen, uttryckas som att beskriva och förklara den militära nyttan med tekniken. För att kunna göra detta behövs verktyg. Och många av dem kommer från den vetenskapliga disciplinen Operationsanalys.Syftet med den här antologin är att introducera studerande i militärteknik på Försvarshögskolan till två av de mest refererade boktitlarna i operationsanalys – Methods for conducting military operational analysis editerad av Andrew G. Loerch och Larry B. Rainey samt Military Operations Research, quantitative decision making av N.K. Jaiswal.Kapitlen utgörs av essäer skrivna av studerande på den högre stabsofficersutbildningen med teknisk inriktning, som examinationsuppgift i en fördjupningskurs. Essäerna är till del referat av kapitel i de två böckerna ovan, men kryddade med exempel satta i svenskt sammanhang och med de studerandes egen värdering av metodernas användbarhet.[1]Försvarshögskolan, Ämnesplan militärteknik, 2007.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Tove, et al.
(author)
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Gene expression analysis of membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in the lung of healthy and COPD subjects.
- 2014
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In: Pharmacology research & perspectives. - : Wiley. - 2052-1707. ; 2:4, s. e00054-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study describes for the first time the expression levels of genes encoding membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in the lungs of ex-smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes are key determinants of drug uptake, metabolism, and elimination for systemically administered as well as inhaled drugs, with consequent influence on clinical efficacy and patient safety. In this study, while no difference in gene expression was found between healthy and COPD subjects, we identified a significant regional difference in mRNA expression of both membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes between central and peripheral tissue in both healthy and COPD subjects. The majority of the differentially expressed genes were higher expressed in the central airways such as the transporters SLC2A1 (GLUT1), SLC28A3 (CNT3), and SLC22A4 (OCTN1) and the drug-metabolizing enzymes GSTZ1, GSTO2, and CYP2F1. Together, this increased knowledge of local pharmacokinetics in diseased and normal lung may improve modeling of clinical outcomes of new chemical entities intended for inhalation therapy delivered to COPD patients. In addition, based on the similarities between COPD and healthy subjects regarding gene expression of membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes, our results suggest that clinical pharmacological studies in healthy volunteers could be a valid model of COPD patients regarding drug disposition of inhaled drugs in terms of drug metabolism and drug transporters.
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| 7. |
- Csenki, Leonard, et al.
(author)
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Proof of principle of a generalized fuzzy Hough transform approach to peak alignment of one-dimensional 1H NMR data
- 2007
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In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 389:3, s. 875-885
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In metabolic profiling, multivariate data analysis techniques are used to interpret one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR data. Multivariate data analysis techniques require that peaks are characterised by the same variables in every spectrum. This location constraint is essential for correct comparison of the intensities of several NMR spectra. However, variations in physicochemical factors can cause the locations of the peaks to shift. The location prerequisite may thus not be met, and so, to solve this problem, alignment methods have been developed. However, current state-of-the-art algorithms for data alignment cannot resolve the inherent problems encountered when analysing NMR data of biological origin, because they are unable to align peaks when the spatial order of the peaks changes—a commonly occurring phenomenon. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed, based on the Hough transform operating on an image representation of the NMR dataset that is capable of correctly aligning peaks when existing methods fail. The proposed algorithm was compared with current state-of-the-art algorithms operating on a selected plasma dataset to demonstrate its potential. A urine dataset was also processed using the algorithm as a further demonstration. The method is capable of successfully aligning the plasma data but further development is needed to address more challenging applications, for example urine data.
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| 8. |
- de Ståhl, Teresita Díaz, et al.
(author)
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Profiling of copy number variations (CNVs) in healthy individuals from three ethnic groups using a human genome 32 K BAC-clone-based array
- 2008
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In: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 29:3, s. 398-408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To further explore the extent of structural large-scale variation in the human genome, we assessed copy number variations (CNVs) in a series of 71 healthy subjects from three ethnic groups. CNVs were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to a BAC array covering the human genome, using DNA extracted from peripheral blood, thus avoiding any culture-induced rearrangements. By applying a newly developed computational algorithm based on Hidden Markov modeling, we identified 1,078 autosomal CNVs, including at least two neighboring/overlapping BACs, which represent 315 distinct regions. The average size of the sequence polymorphisms was approximately 350 kb and involved in total approximately 117 Mb or approximately 3.5% of the genome. Gains were about four times more common than deletions, and segmental duplications (SDs) were overrepresented, especially in larger deletion variants. This strengthens the notion that SDs often define hotspots of chromosomal rearrangements. Over 60% of the identified autosomal rearrangements match previously reported CNVs, recognized with various platforms. However, results from chromosome X do not agree well with the previously annotated CNVs. Furthermore, data from single BACs deviating in copy number suggest that our above estimate of total variation is conservative. This report contributes to the establishment of the common baseline for CNV, which is an important resource in human genetics.
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| 9. |
- del Río, Miren, et al.
(author)
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Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
- 2022
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In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 59:11, s. 2730-2741
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.
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