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- Lastbom, L, et al.
(author)
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Effects of thermal degradation products from polyurethane foams based on toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate on isolated, perfused lung of guinea pig
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 29:2, s. 152-158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives The composition of thermal degradation products from two types of polyurethane foams, one based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and the other on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), was analyzed and their toxic lung effects were compared. Methods Isolated perfused lungs of guinea pig were subjected to thermal decomposition products of polyurethane foams from an aerosol generator with compartments for diluting, mixing, and sampling. Results Thermal degradation of MDI-based polyurethane foams released MDI, phenyl isocyanate, and methyl isocyanate. The emitted particulate fraction was 75% for MDI, whereas that for TDI from TDI-based polyurethane foam was 3%. Thermal degradation products from MDI-based foam caused a pronounced dose-dependent decrease in the measured lung function parameters (conductance and compliance). In contrast, the thermal degradation products from TDI-based foam did not cause any decrease in lung function. Conclusions Thermal degradation products generated from MDI-based polyurethane foam were more toxic to the lung than those generated from TDI-based polyurethane foam. This difference was probable due to MDI in the particle phase.
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- Nordqvist, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Ten years of treating necrotizing fasciitis.
- 2015
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In: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4243 .- 2374-4235. ; 47:5, s. 319-325
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The objective of this study was to investigate diagnosis, causative microbial agents, comorbidities, antibiotic regimen and outcome regarding this disease at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden. Methods: From medical records, we identified 33 patients treated from January 2003 to January 2013, 31 of whom could be included in our investigation. Results: The infections were monomicrobial in 87% of the cases, and most were caused by group A streptococci. The rate of polymicrobial infections was lower than in other studies. In addition to blood and wound cultures, a rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococci was used in a majority of the cases as a supplement to other diagnostic tools. The time from onset of symptoms to surgery proved to be significantly shorter for patients infected with group A streptococci than for other patients. The mortality rate among all patients was 19%, which is lower than much of the historical material but in line with some more recent studies of this disease. Conclusions: Our results indicate that low mortality rates can be achieved by surgery, appropriate antibiotics and good supportive care. Furthermore, we show that the use of the rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococci, in this setting, helps to shorten the time to surgical intervention in patients suffering from necrotizing fasciitis. This also helps to guide the antibiotic treatment into a narrower spectrum.
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