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| 2. |
- L'Huillier, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Applications of high-order harmonics
- 2003
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In: European Physical Journal D. Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 26:1, s. 91-98
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review applications of high-order harmonic generation in different fields of physics, from spectroscopic studies of atoms and molecules, to interferometry and plasma diagnostics and nonlinear optics.
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| 3. |
- Lopez, Rodrigo, et al.
(author)
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Time-frequency characterization of high-order harmonic pulses
- 2003
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In: European Physical Journal D. Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 26:1, s. 105-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present energy-resolved cross-correlation measurements of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses generated as high harmonics of femtosecond pulses from a 1 kHz titanium-sapphire laser. The harmonic pulses are probed by a fraction of the fundamental laser pulse at 800 nm, in a noncollinear geometry, allowing us to vary independently the parameters of the harmonic pump and near-infrared probe pulses. We measure the so-called "sidebands" in the photoelectron spectrum of argon corresponding to the absorption of a harmonic photon plus or minus one probe photon. Spectrally resolving the cross-correlation signal allows us to characterize the time-dependent frequency of the XUV pulse.
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| 4. |
- Norin, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Time-frequency characterization of femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses.
- 2002
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 88:19, s. 193901-193901
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present energy-resolved cross-correlation measurements of an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse, generated as the fifth harmonic (15.5 eV) of an intense 80 fs laser pulse centered at 400 nm. Spectrally resolving the cross-correlation signal allows us to characterize the time-dependent frequency of the XUV pulse. We find that the fifth harmonic has a small negative chirp in excess of that predicted by perturbation theory. In addition, by manipulating the chirp of the driving laser we can induce and measure a positive or a negative chirp on the XUV pulse.
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| 5. |
- Zamith, S, et al.
(author)
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The predissociation of highly excited states in acetylene by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2003
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 119:7, s. 3763-3773
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the dynamics of highly excited states in acetylene initiated by an ultrashort vacuum ultraviolet laser pulse. Electronic states lying in the 4s-3d Rydberg region are excited with one femtosecond pulse, and the dynamic development of the states is monitored by a second short pulse which ionizes the system. We show that even for femtosecond pulses where the bandwidth of the exciting pulse covers several electronic states, it is possible to extract short decay lifetimes through time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy by using a frequency-modulated (chirped) excitation pulse. We report decay lifetimes for the F 4(0)(2) and E 4-5(0)(2) states in acetylene, and for the E 4(0)(2) and E 5(0)(2) states in d-acetylene. The time evolution measured in the electron spectra is compared to decay spectra measured using ion yield and the differences in these results are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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| 6. |
- Albèr, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Effects of water activity and low molecular weight humectants on skin permeability and hydration dynamics : a double-blind, randomized and controlled study
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Cosmetic Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0142-5463 .- 1468-2494. ; 36:5, s. 412-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The mammalian skin is a barrier that effectively separates the water-rich interior of the body from the normally dryer exterior. Changes in the external conditions, for example ambient humidity, have been shown to affect the skin barrier properties. The prime objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water activity of a topical formulation on skin hydration and permeability. A second objective was to gain more understanding on how two commonly used humectants, urea and glycerol, affect skin barrier function in vivo. METHODS: Simple aqueous formulations were applied under occlusion to the volar forearm of healthy volunteers. Following 4-h exposure, skin water loss (by transepidermal water loss measurements), skin hydration (by Corneometry) and skin permeability (by time to vasodilation due to benzyl nicotinate exposure) were monitored. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that a relatively small change in the water activity of a topical formulation is sufficient to induce considerable effects on stratum corneum hydration and permeability to exogenous substances. Exposing the skin to high water activity leads to increased skin hydration and also increased permeability. Furthermore, urea and glycerol promote skin hydration and permeability even at reduced water activity of the applied formulation. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the importance of considering the water activity in topically applied formulations and the potential benefit of using humectants. The results may impact formulation optimization in how to facilitate skin hydration and to modify skin permeability by temporarily open and close the skin barrier.
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| 8. |
- Gasparini, Alessandro, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence and recognition of chronic kidney disease in Stockholm healthcare
- 2016
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In: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 31:12, s. 2086-2094
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, but the frequency of albuminuria testing and referral to nephrology care has been difficult to measure. We here characterize CKD prevalence and recognition in a complete healthcare utilization cohort of the Stockholm region, in Sweden. Methods. We included all adult individuals (n = 1 128 058) with at least one outpatient measurement of IDMS-calibrated serum creatinine during 2006-11. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated via the CKD-EPI equation and CKD was solely defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). We also assessed the performance of diagnostic testing (albuminuria), nephrology consultations, and utilization of ICD-10 diagnoses. Results. A total of 68 894 individuals had CKD, with a crude CKD prevalence of 6.11% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.07-6.16%] and a prevalence standardized to the European population of 5.38% (5.33-5.42%). CKD was more prevalent among the elderly (28% prevalence >75 years old), women (6.85 versus 5.24% in men), and individuals with diabetes (17%), hypertension (17%) or cardiovascular disease (31%). The frequency of albuminuria monitoring was low, with 38% of diabetics and 27% of CKD individuals undergoing albuminuria testing over 2 years. Twenty-three per cent of the 16 383 individuals satisfying selected KDIGO criteria for nephrology referral visited a nephrologist. Twelve per cent of CKD patients carried an ICD-10 diagnostic code of CKD. Conclusions. An estimated 6% of the adult Stockholm population accessing healthcare has CKD, but the frequency of albuminuria testing, nephrology consultations and registration of CKD diagnoses was suboptimal despite universal care. Improving provider awareness and treatment of CKD could have a significant public health impact.
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