| 1. |
- Ghaffarzadegan, Tannaz, et al.
(author)
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Determination of bile acids by hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.
- 2014
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In: Journal of Chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-376X .- 1570-0232. ; 944, s. 69-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method based on hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography was developed for determination of specific bile acids in caecal materials of rats. Nine unconjugated bile acids, including the primary bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid) and the secondary bile acids (lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and ω-muricholic acid) were quantified. Extraction conditions were evaluated, including: sample pH, type of organic solvent and amount of caecal material to be extracted. To compensate for sample matrix effects during extraction the method of standard addition was applied. The satisfactory linearity (r(2)>0.9840), high recovery (84.2-108.7%) and good intra-assay (6.3-10.6%) and inter-assay (6.9-11.1%) precision illustrated the good performance of the present method. The method is rapid, simple and capable of detecting and determining bile acids with limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.002 to 0.067μg/mL and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.006 to 0.224μg/mL. The results indicated that the concentration of some secondary bile acids, which usually are associated with health problems, were lower in rats fed with fermentable dietary fibre compared with a fibre free control diet, while the concentration of primary bile acids, usually connected with positive health effects, were higher in rats fed with diets containing dietary fibre. Of the dietary fibres, guar gum and to some extent the mixture of pectin+guar gum had the most positive effects. Thus, it was concluded that the composition of bile acids can be affected by the type of diet.
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| 2. |
- Ghaffarzadegan, Tannaz, et al.
(author)
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Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(−/−) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS
- 2019
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bile acids (BAs) are known to be involved in cholesterol metabolism but interactions between the diet, BA profiles, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism have not been extensively explored. In the present study, primary and secondary BAs including their glycine and taurine-conjugated forms were quantified in serum of Apoe−/− mice by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and QTOF mass spectrometry. The mice were fed different lingonberry fractions (whole, insoluble and soluble) in a high-fat setting or cellulose in a high and low-fat setting. Serum concentrations of BAs in mice fed cellulose were higher with the high-fat diet compared to the low-fat diet (20–70%). Among the lingonberry diets, the diet containing whole lingonberries had the highest concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), α and ω-muricholic acids (MCA) and tauro-α-MCA (T-α-MCA), and the lowest concentration of tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA). The glycine-conjugated BAs were very similar with all diets. CDCA, UDCA and α-MCA correlated positively with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and T-UDCA, T-α-MCA and ω-MCA with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
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| 3. |
- Ghaffarzadegan, Tannaz, et al.
(author)
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Postprandial Responses of Serum Bile Acids in Healthy Humans After Ingestion of Turmeric Before Medium /High‐Fat Breakfasts
- 2019
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In: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scope: Bile acids (BAs) are known to regulate a number of metabolic activities in the body. However, very little is known about how BAs are affected by diet. This study aimed to investigate whether a single-dose of turmeric-based beverage (TUR) before ingestion of medium- (MF) or high-fat (HF) breakfasts would improve the BA profile in healthy subjects. Methods and results: Twelve healthy subjects were assigned to a randomized crossover single-blind study. The subjects received iso-caloric MF or HF breakfasts after a drink containing flavored water with or without an extract of turmeric with at least one-week wash-out period between the treatments. Postprandial BAs were measured using protein precipitation followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-MS). The concentration of BAs was generally higher after HF than MF breakfasts. Ingestion of TUR before MF breakfast increased the serum concentrations of free and conjugated forms of cholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, as well as the concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid and its taurine-conjugated form. However, the concentration of conjugated forms of deoxycholic acid decreased when TUR was taken before HF breakfast. Conclusion: TUR ingestion before MF and HF breakfasts improved BA profiles and may therefore have potential health-promoting effects on BA metabolism.
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| 4. |
- Lindqvist, Pelle, et al.
(author)
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Beslut om trombosprofylax vid graviditet--enklare med riskpoäng
- 2006
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 103:18, s. 1429-1432
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Swedish guidelines for thrombosis risk estimation and thrombosis prophylaxis in relation to pregnancy are based on risk factors with a 5-fold increased risk of thrombosis or some multiple thereof. The risk factors are added together forming a risk score, where by risk score 1 is associated with a 5-fold increased risk, risk score 2 with a 25-fold increased risk, etc. The absolute risk of thrombosis in women with a risk score of 4 is estimated to be approximately 10%. Women with a risk score of 2 are recommended to undergo a short term postpartum prophylaxis (7 days), risk score 3 should be given 6 weeks of postpartum prophylaxis, and those with a risk score of > 4, both antepartum prophylaxis and 6 weeks of postpartum prophylaxis. A small group has been classified as “very high risk” and is not included in the scoring system. Low molecular weight heparin is recommended for thrombosis prophylaxis, due to its favorable safety and effect profile.
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| 5. |
- Sjödin, Per, et al.
(author)
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Binding of 14C-labeled food mutagens (IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx) by dietary fiber in vitro.
- 1985
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In: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 50:6, s. 1680-1684
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Binding of three mutagens, known to occur in fried or broiled foods, by thirteen different types of dietary fiber was investigated in vitro. Nonspecific binding by other food polymers was minimized by using protease and amylase treatment. Water‐insoluble fiber components were responsible for most of the binding capacity. Generally, a slightly larger proportion of 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ) than of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo] ‐4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was bound. There was a significant correlation between Klason lignin content and binding of mutagens. Optimum pH for binding was between 4 and 6. Dietary fiber from sorghum had the highest binding capacity, which could be due to the presence of a large Klason lignin fraction.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Asp, Nils Georg, et al.
(author)
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Enzyme resistant starch fractions and dietary fibre
- 1987
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 22:S129, s. 29-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Starch fractions that are more or less enzyme resistant may behave like dietary fibre, both physiologically and analytically. Ungelatinized granules from potatoes, high amylose maize and green bananas are poorly digested. Starch made resistant to amylase due to new covalent bindings, formed at heat treatment or present in starch derivatives used as food additives, may also be more or less undigestible. "Resistant starch" present in bread and corn flakes is probably retrograded amylose. It is undigestible in the small intestine, but readily degraded by the large bowel microflora. Amylose-lipid complexes seem to be completely absorbed in spite of their resistance to amylase degradation in vitro. Since undigestible starch fractions behave physiologically like non-starch polysaccharides, they should be included in the dietary fibre concept. "Resistant starch" is analysed as glucose based fibre with all current methods except one, which includes an initial DMSO solubilization step.
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| 8. |
- Asp, Nils Georg, et al.
(author)
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Physiological effects of cereal dietary fibre
- 1993
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In: Carbohydrate Polymers. - 0144-8617. ; 21:2-3, s. 183-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cereal dietary fibre constitutes about half of the total fibre intake in Sweden. The amount of fibre available is 21 g/person/day or 1·75 g/MJ. Increased faecal bulk and shortening of intestinal transit time are well-documented effects, that are inversely proportional to the fermentability of the dietary fibre. Wheat bran, oat husks, and corn bran are fibre sources with high bulking effect, whereas fibre from the endosperm of cereals is more extensively fermented. Resistant starch in processed cereals has properties similar to dietary fibre, and must be considered in analysis as well as regarding physiological effects of dietary fibre. Oat groats and oat bran have serum cholesterol lowering effects related to the viscous soluble β-glucans. Rye and barley contain similar levels of viscous soluble fibre but are not as thoroughly investigated. Effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels are also partly related to viscous soluble dietary fibre, but structural properties in, e.g., whole kernels and pasta products are more important in this respect. Phytate in whole grain flour and bran preparations inhibits iron and zinc absorption in single meal tests. Its role for mineral status in persons consuming a mixed, Western diet remains to be established.
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| 9. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse.
- 2010
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In: Beneficial microbes. - 1876-2891. ; 1:2, s. 189-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, the gut microbiota is considered a key organ in host nutritional metabolism and recent data have suggested that alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Accordingly, a whole range of beneficial effects relating to inflammation and gut health have been observed following administration of probiotics to both humans and different animal models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an oral probiotic supplement, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313, to high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice, a model of human obesity and early diabetes. The mice were fed the experimental diets for 20 weeks, after which the HFD had induced an insulin-resistant state in both groups compared to the start of the study. The increase in body weight during the HFD feeding was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group, however, there were no significant differences in body fat content. Fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in the group fed the probiotic supplement, whereas insulin and lipids were not different. Caecal levels of short-chain fatty acids were not significantly different between the groups. An oral glucose tolerance test showed that the group fed probiotics had a significantly lower insulin release compared to the control group, although the rate of glucose clearance was not different. Taken together, these data indicate that L. plantarum DSM 15313 has anti-diabetic properties when fed together with an HFD.
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| 10. |
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