| 1. |
- Muslimovic, Aida, et al.
(author)
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Novel clearance of muscle proteins by muscle cells
- 2020
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In: European Journal of Cell Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0171-9335 .- 1618-1298. ; 99:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blood levels of cardiac troponins (cTn) and myoglobin are analysed when myocardial infarction (MI) is suspected. Here we describe a novel clearance mechanism for muscle proteins by muscle cells. The complete plasma clearance profile of cTn and myoglobin was followed in rats after intravenous or intermuscular injections and analysed by PET and fluorescence microscopy of muscle biopsies and muscle cells. Compared with intravenous injections, only 5 % of cTnT, 0.6 % of cTnI and 8 % of myoglobin were recovered in the circulation following intramuscular injection. In contrast, 47 % of the renal filtration marker FITC-sinistrin and 81 % of cTn fragments from MI-patients were recovered after intramuscular injection. In addition, PET and biopsy analysis revealed that cTn was taken up by the quadriceps muscle and both cTn and myoglobin were endocytosed by cultured muscle cells. This local clearance mechanism could possibly be the dominant clearance mechanism for cTn, myoglobin and other muscle damage biomarkers released by muscle cells.
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| 2. |
- Banzhaf, Stefan, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Hydrogeological and geophysical investigations to evaluate groundwater influences on GHG emissions at the national research site Skogaryd
- 2015
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In: EGU General Assembly 2015. ; 17
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall objective of the presented study is to explore the impact of groundwater fluctuations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands and in particular from drained organic soils. The hypothesis is that drained organic soils react sensitively to changing water content, i.e. that frequent changes of groundwater level enhance the emissions of GHG from these soils and thus contribute significantly to global warming. The area under investigation is based at the Skogaryd Research Catchment (within Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Sciences, SITES) in western Sweden (Meyer, et al., 2013), which was recently assigned the status of a national research site by the Swedish research council (www.vr.se). Skogaryd is a unique place in Sweden for doing research on organic soils as the area was simultaneously afforested in the 1960s and the drained fertile soils have a different land-use history. The ditching for drainage purposes throughout the entire area has had and still has a huge influence on groundwater level, which in turn is assumed to trigger GHG emissions from the organic soils at Skogaryd. To address the influence of groundwater dynamics on GHG emissions in this system, a characterisation of the subsurface using electrical resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements was carried out. These geophysical measurements were combined with drilling along them to allow for ground truthing. An average peat thickness of around 3 m was estimated for the field site. Below the peat follows a fine sand layer, which reaches a maximum thickness of around 1.0 m right at the valley borders and thins out significantly towards the middle of the valley. Below the fine sand layer follows a layer of marine clay, which extends down to the bedrock at depths between 12 and 15 m below ground surface. The results show that the peat layer in Skogaryd forms an isolated hydraulic system without interaction with deeper or regional groundwater systems. The continuously extending clay layer hinders water moving downward or upward crossing the border of peat and clay. The peat layer is a fast reacting hydraulic system that shows immediate reaction to precipitation or drought and is independent from regional groundwater levels. The study of groundwater controls on the GHG from the drained organic soils at Skogaryd can thus focus on the fast reacting peat layer. Future investigations will show if this conclusion can be generalized for similar situations in Sweden. Geophysical measurements have proved to be a valuable method for estimating the peat thickness over a large area. Meyer A, Tarvainen L, Nousratpour A, Björk RG, Ernfors M, Grelle A, Kasimir Klemedtsson Å, Lindroth A, Räntfors M, Rütting T, Wallin G, Weslien P, Klemedtsson L (2013) A fertile peatland forest does not constitute a major greenhouse gas sink. Biogeosciences 10: 7739-7758 DOI 10.5194/bg-10-7739-2013
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| 3. |
- Crisci, Elisa, et al.
(author)
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Complement opsonization promotes HSV-2 infection of human dendritic cells
- 2016
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In: Journal of Virology. - : American society of microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 90:10, s. 4939-4950
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections globally with a very high prevalence in many countries. During HSV2 infection viral particles become coated with complement proteins and antibodies, both existent in the genital fluids, which could influence the activation of the immune responses. In genital mucosa, the primary target cells for HSV2 infection are epithelial cells, but resident immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are also infected. The DCs are the activators of the ensuing immune responses directed against HSV2, and the aim of this study was to examine the effects opsonization of HSV2, either with complement alone or with complement and antibodies, had on the infection of immature DCs and their ability to mount inflammatory and antiviral responses. Complement opsonization of HSV2 enhanced both the direct infection of immature DCs and their production of new infectious viral particles. The enhanced infection required activation of the complement cascade and functional complement receptor 3. Furthermore, HSV2 infection of DCs required endocytosis of viral particles and their delivery into an acid endosomal compartment. The presence of complement in combination with HSV1 or HSV2 specific antibodies more or less abolished the HSV2 infection of DCs.Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of studying HSV2 infection under conditions that ensue in vivo, i.e. when the virions are covered in complement fragments and complement fragments and antibodies, as this will shape the infection and the subsequent immune response and needs to be further elucidated.IMPORTANCE: During HSV2 infection viral particles should become coated with complement proteins and antibodies, both existent in the genital fluids, which could influence the activation of the immune responses. The dendritic cells are the activators of the immune responses directed against HSV2, and the aim of this study was to examine the effects of complement alone or complement and antibodies, on the HSV2 infection of dendritic cells and their ability to mount inflammatory and antiviral responses.Our results demonstrate that the presence of antibodies and complement in the genital environment can influence HSV2 infection under in vitro conditions that reflect the in vivo situation. We believe that our findings are highly relevant for the understanding of HSV2 pathogenesis.
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| 4. |
- Dybjer, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Diabetes, kognition och demens
- 2019. - 2
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In: Diabetes och Metabola Syndromet. - 9789144133621 ; , s. 115-119
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Egard, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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"En plan skapar inte delaktighet" : betydelsen av kommunikation, normer och relationer i utförande och planering av insatser enligt LSS
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förstå vad deltagare i en forskningscirkel tillskriver som be- tydelsefullt för att skapa förutsättningar för delaktighet för personer med autismspektrumtill- stånd i planering och genomförande av stödinsatser. Materialet består av dokumentation från en forskningscirkel där personal diskuterat aktuell forskning och utvecklingsarbete tillsammans med forskare och lärare inom socialt arbete. Resultatet visar för det första att personalen behöver kännedom om brukarens sätt att kommunicera och möjlighet att anpassa kartläggning och dokumentation utifrån brukarens kommunikations- förmåga för att kunna skapa förutsättningar för delaktighet. För det andra framkommer att ytterligare en förutsättning för delaktighet är att det finns utrymme för flexibilitet avseende hur stödet ska genomföras. Stödet kan behöva anpassas efter vilken relation brukare och personal har till varandra och denna relation ha betydelse för vilket behov av stöd som efterfrågas. För det tredje är ett normkritiskt förhållningssätt en viktig förutsättning för delaktighet då mål och innehåll för stödet ska formuleras utifrån brukarens önskemål och inte utifrån personal eller anhörigas normer. Slutsatsen är att dokumentation och planering i sig inte skapar delaktighet. Delaktighet förutsätter en fungerande kommunikation, flexibilitet i utformningen av stödet och ett normkritiskt förhållningssätt.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Åsa, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Effects of aging and reproduction on protein quality control in soma and gametes of Drosophila melanogaster
- 2012
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In: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9718. ; 11:4, s. 634-643
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In organisms with a somagerm demarcation, the germline must be preserved such that harmful damage is not transmitted to the offspring. Keeping the progeny free of damage may be achieved by gametes enjoying elevated, and/or more functional, homeostatic maintenance systems. This possibility was approached here by testing whether the soma and maturating oocytes (eggs) dissected from female Drosophila melanogaster in reproductive ages display differential capacities for protein quality control and whether these capacities change during aging and mating. Eggs exhibited a high capacity to prevent protein aggregation, strong capacity for 26S proteasome-dependent degradation and reduced levels of oxidatively damaged (carbonylated) proteins compared to the soma. The capacity to prevent protein aggregation was not affected in either soma or eggs by age and/or mating, while the 26S proteasome capacity declined in the soma but was maintained in the eggs of aged females. However, the levels of carbonylated proteins increased with age in both soma and eggs, and this increase was more pronounced in females allowed to mate continuously. Furthermore, the levels of carbonylated proteins in the eggs of mated flies correlated negatively with the propensity of the eggs to develop into an adult fly. In young flies, mating caused a decrease in 26S proteasome capacity and an increase in protein carbonylation in the soma, but not in the eggs. These results are in line with trade-off theories of aging where aging is considered a consequence of investment in reproduction over somatic maintenance.
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| 7. |
- Frentz, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Non-divergence form parabolic equations associated with non-commuting vector fields : Boundary behavior of nonnegative solutions
- 2012
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In: Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (Classe Scienze), Serie V. - 0391-173X .- 2036-2145. ; 11:2, s. 437-474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a cylinder Omega(T) = Omega x (0, T) subset of R-+(n+1) we study the boundary behavior of nonnegative solutions of second order parabolic equations of the formH u = Sigma(m)(i,j=1) a(ij)(x, t)XiX (j)u - partial derivative(t)u = 0, (x, t) is an element of R-+(n+1),where X = {X-l, . . . , X-m} is a system of C-infinity vector fields inR(n) satisfying Hormander's rank condition (1.2), and Omega is a non-tangentially accessible domain with respect to the Carnot-Caratheodory distance d induced by X. Concerning the matrix-valued function A = {a(ij)}, we assume that it is real, symmetric and uniformly positive definite. Furthermore, we suppose that its entries a(ij) are Holder continuous with respect to the parabolic distance associated with d. Our main results are: I) a backward Harnack inequality for nonnegative solutions vanishing on the lateral boundary (Theorem 1.1); 2) the Holder continuity up to the boundary of the quotient of two nonnegative solutions which vanish continuously on a portion of the lateral boundary (Theorem 1.2); 3) the doubling property for the parabolic measure associated with the operator H (Theorem 1.3). These results generalize to the subelliptic setting of the present paper, those in Lipschitz cylinders by Fabes, Safonov and Yuan in [20, 39]. With one proviso: in those papers the authors assume that the coefficients a(ij) be only bounded and measurable, whereas we assume Holder continuity with respect to the intrinsic parabolic distance.
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| 8. |
- Frentz, Marie, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The obstacle problem for parabolic non-divergence form operators of Hörmander type
- 2012
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In: Journal of Differential Equations. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0396 .- 1090-2732. ; 252:9, s. 5002-2041
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we establish the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the obstacle problem for a class of parabolic sub-elliptic operators in non-divergence form structured on a set of smooth vector fields in Rn, X={X1,…,Xq}X={X1,…,Xq}, q⩽n, satisfying Hörmanderʼs finite rank condition. We furthermore prove that any strong solution belongs to a suitable class of Hölder continuous functions. As part of our argument, and this is of independent interest, we prove a Sobolev type embedding theorem, as well as certain a priori interior estimates, valid in the context of Sobolev spaces defined in terms of the system of vector fields.
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| 9. |
- Good, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Changes in natural killer and T lymphocyte phenotypes in response to cardiovascular risk management
- 2023
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pro-inflammatory and regulatory roles of T lymphocytes in atherosclerosis are well established but less is known about natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells. The effects of cardiovascular risk management on the phenotypes of these cells are unknown. To assess changes in NK cell and lymphocyte phenotypes and circulating inflammatory proteins in response to cardiovascular risk management in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Fifty patients were included in a prospective clinical study. Measurements were at baseline and after 12 months of cardiovascular risk management. Circulating NK, NKT-like and T lymphocyte subpopulations were phenotyped by multi-colour flow cytometry. Proximity extension assay was performed for 176 plasma proteins associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease. At 12 months there were significant reductions in LDL (P=0.001) and blood pressure (P=0.028). NK cells responded with a reduction in pro-inflammatory (NKG2C(+)) cells (P=0.0003), an increase in anti-inflammatory (NKG2A(+)) cells (P=0.032), and a reduction in terminally differentiated (CD57(+)) NK cells. NKT-like cells showed a similar decrease in terminally differentiated subpopulations (P=0.000002). Subpopulations of T helper cells exhibited a significant reduction in central memory (P=1.09x10(-8)) and a significant increase in CD4(+) naive- (P=0.0008) and effector memory T cells (P=0.006). The protein analysis indicated that cardiovascular risk management affects proteins involved in the inflammatory NF-kappa B pathway. The consistent decrease in senescent phenotypes of NK, NKT-like and CD4(+) cells with a concomitant increase in more naive, phenotypes suggests a change towards a less pro-inflammatory lymphocyte profile in response to cardiovascular risk management.Trial registry name: CARotid MRI of Atherosclerosis (CARMA). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04835571 (08/04/2021). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04835571.
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| 10. |
- Götmark, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Boundary behavior of non-negative solutions to degenerate sub-elliptic equations
- 2013
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In: Journal of Differential Equations. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0396 .- 1090-2732. ; 254:8, s. 3431-3460
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Let X = {X-1, ..., X-m} be a system of C-infinity vector fields in R-n satisfying Hormander's finite rank condition and let Omega be a non-tangentially accessible domain with respect to the Carnot-Caratheodory distance d induced by X. We study the boundary behavior of non-negative solutions to the equation Lu = Sigma(i, j -1) X-i*(a(ij)X(j)u) = Sigma X-i, j=1(i)*(x)(aij(x)X-j(x)u(x)) = 0 for some constant beta >= 1 and for some non-negative and real-valued function lambda = lambda(x). Concerning kappa we assume that lambda defines an A(2)-weight with respect to the metric introduced by the system of vector fields X =, {X-1,..., X-m}. Our main results include a proof of the doubling property of the associated elliptic measure and the Holder continuity up to the boundary of quotients of non-negative solutions which vanish continuously on a portion of the boundary. Our results generalize previous results of Fabes et al. (1982, 1983) [18-20] (m = n, {X-(1), ..., X-m} = {partial derivative(x1), ...., partial derivative x(n)}, A is an A(2)-weight) and Capogna and Garofalo (1998) [6] (X = {X-1,..., X-m} satisfies Hormander's finite rank condition and X(x) equivalent to lambda A for some constant lambda). One motivation for this study is the ambition to generalize, as far as possible, the results in Lewis and Nystrom (2007, 2010, 2008) [35-38], Lewis et al. (2008) [34] concerning the boundary behavior of non-negative solutions to (Euclidean) quasi-linear equations of p-Laplace type, to non-negative solutions, to certain sub-elliptic quasi-linear equations of p-Laplace type. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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