| 1. |
- Beausang, Angela, et al.
(author)
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"Möjligheten att rädda några av dessa kvinnors liv har inte vägts in"
- 2014
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In: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Namnet på Socialstyrelsens vägledning lyder: Hur upptäcka våldsutsatthet? Ja, det kan man verkligen fråga sig efter att ha läst detta föga vägledande dokument, skriver ett stort antal kritiska debattörer.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Två av tio exkluderas ur sociala processer genom mobbning på såväl mansdominerade som kvinnodominerade svenska arbetsplatser
- 2014
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In: GRASP 2014 - Oberoende i flocken? Inkludering och exkludering som sociala processer. - Linköpings universitet.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Att utesluta en eller fler arbetskamrater från sociala- och arbetsprocesser genom upprepade negativa handlingar såsom utfrysning, kränkande blickar, ryktesspridning och tilltalande vid öknamn, är mobbning. Arbetsplatsmobbning förekommer främst i organisationer med hög arbetsbelastning och stress, och med ogynnsamt arbetsklimat. Mellan 8% och 25% av arbetstagare upplever sig mobbade, vilket har stora konsekvenser för såväl organisationer, i form av hög arbetsfrånvaro och personalomsättning, som för dem som är mobbade, i form av låg arbetstillfredsställelse och engagemang, hög stress, depression, självmordstankar och hjärtinfarkt. Trots den höga förekomsten av arbetsplatsmobbing och dess allvarliga konsekvenser finns det relativt få svenska studier som undersöker förekomsten av mobbning, och i synnerhet, utifrån könsperspektiv. Tidigare studier i Sverige fokuserar huvudsakligen på konsekvenser av mobbning, och inte på upplevelsen av arbetsklimatet. Därför var syfte med denna studie att undersöka (1) skillnader i upplevd närvaro av vuxenmobbning på mansdominerade respektive kvinnodominerade arbetsplatser i en svensk kontext; och (2) samband mellan mobbning och upplevelsen av arbetsklimatet, utifrån delaktighet/medbestämmande och negativ kommunikation. Deltagarna var från två mansdominerade arbetsplatser (ungdomsvården) och från två kvinnodominerade arbetsplatser (äldrevården); 21% respektive 18% av dem har blivit utsatta på sin nuvarande arbetsplats för mobbning av sina medarbetare. Det fanns inga statistiskt signifikanta könsskillnader. De som mobbades utsatte även andra för mobbning. De som orättvist behandlat någon annan hade högre poäng i mobbningsskala, upplevde mer negativ kommunikation och mindre delaktighet/medbestämmande. De använda självskattningsformulären hade goda psykometriska egenskaper. Hög validitet påvisades genom statistiskt signifikanta medelstarka samband mellan variablerna delaktighet/medbestämmande, negativ kommunikation och mobbning. Därför rekommenderar vi användning av samma instrument i fortsatta studier avseende arbetsplatsmobbning. Vi konstaterar att det förekommer mobbning på svenska arbetsplatser med hög arbetsbelastning och stress. I ett demokratiskt samhälle ska det inte förekomma uteslutning av andra ur det sociala gruppsammahanhanget genom arbetsplatsmobbning som leder till allvarlig ohälsa. Arbetsklimatet måste gynna inneslutning av samtliga arbetstagare.
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| 4. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Two in ten feel excluded from social work-related processes by workplace bullying
- 2016
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In: Proceedings from the 9th GRASP conference, Linköping University, May 2014. - Linköping. - 9789175192178 ; , s. 17-34
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to investigate (1) the prevalence of workplace bullying experienced by men and women in Swedish workplaces with a high level of stress dominated by one sex, (2) the prevalence of unjust treatment in these workplaces, (3) the relationship between workplace bullying and organizational climate, (4) the variability in bullying in these workplaces, and (5) the variability in organizational climate. These issues were examined using a self-assessment questionnaire in two types of workplace in Sweden: one male-dominated (juvenile detention care) and the other female-dominated (elderly care). About 20% of the participants experienced workplace bullying. There was a positive correlation between bullying and negative communication (strong effect size). There were no differences regarding the type of workplace. The internal consistency of the instrument was high, and we recommend its use in studies of workplace bullying
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| 5. |
- Kalderstam, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Training artificial neural networks directly on the concordance index for censored data using genetic algorithms.
- 2013
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In: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2860 .- 0933-3657. ; 58:2, s. 125-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The concordance index (c-index) is the standard way of evaluating the performance of prognostic models in the presence of censored data. Constructing prognostic models using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is commonly done by training on error functions which are modified versions of the c-index. Our objective was to demonstrate the capability of training directly on the c-index and to evaluate our approach compared to the Cox proportional hazards model. METHOD: We constructed a prognostic model using an ensemble of ANNs which were trained using a genetic algorithm. The individual networks were trained on a non-linear artificial data set divided into a training and test set both of size 2000, where 50% of the data was censored. The ANNs were also trained on a data set consisting of 4042 patients treated for breast cancer spread over five different medical studies, 2/3 used for training and 1/3 used as a test set. A Cox model was also constructed on the same data in both cases. The two models' c-indices on the test sets were then compared. The ranking performance of the models is additionally presented visually using modified scatter plots. RESULTS: Cross validation on the cancer training set did not indicate any non-linear effects between the covariates. An ensemble of 30 ANNs with one hidden neuron was therefore used. The ANN model had almost the same c-index score as the Cox model (c-index=0.70 and 0.71, respectively) on the cancer test set. Both models identified similarly sized low risk groups with at most 10% false positives, 49 for the ANN model and 60 for the Cox model, but repeated bootstrap runs indicate that the difference was not significant. A significant difference could however be seen when applied on the non-linear synthetic data set. In that case the ANN ensemble managed to achieve a c-index score of 0.90 whereas the Cox model failed to distinguish itself from the random case (c-index=0.49). CONCLUSIONS: We have found empirical evidence that ensembles of ANN models can be optimized directly on the c-index. Comparison with a Cox model indicates that near identical performance is achieved on a real cancer data set while on a non-linear data set the ANN model is clearly superior.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Gerry, 1952-, et al.
(author)
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Swedish military officers through other nations' eyes : experiences related to leadership theory, stereotypes, identity and military contextual history
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Organizational Analysis. - 1934-8835 .- 1758-8561. ; 24:4, s. 615-633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeGlobalisation of working life means that many organisations are manned by people from different countries. A potentially critical factor is how members from various nations are looked upon by their partner countries. Such perception may be more or less accurate and affect organisational outcomes. The military is no exception as modern warfare is characterised by multinational composition of task forces. The aim of this paper was to gain a deeper understanding of how military officers from other nations perceive Swedish military officers and their leadership qualities in particular.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with 20 military officers representing ten nations. Interview questions were deduced from the Developmental leadership model. Responses were first coded inductively according to the constant comparative method. Generated categories were then deductively related to this leadership model.FindingsThe analysis resulted in positive and negative patterns. The positive picture included Swedish officers being perceived as calm, competent and generally good at exhibiting exemplary leadership behaviour, showing individualised consideration and creating an inspiring atmosphere. The negative side included opinions such as Swedish officers being too emotionally restrained, exhibiting poor self-confidence, discussing too much before making decisions and having difficulties giving negative feedback. The results are discussed in relation to the Developmental leadership model and the stereotype concept.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size and a focus on military organisations imply a low degree of generalisability.Practical implicationsThree suggestions regarding Swedish officer education are presented: officer students should be given an increased awareness of how they are perceived by others, decision-making without group support and giving negative feedback in a constructive, straight forward, but still considerate way, should be practiced and more attention should be paid to emotion management.Originality/valueThe paper addresses an increasing tendency in work organisations – a multinational composition of the work force. The foundation of study in leadership theory and the stereotype concept is new.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Military leadership and emotion regulation in acute situations that contain moral dilemmas
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion. - 1740-8938 .- 1740-8946. ; 8:4, s. 269-289
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of individual emotion-focused coping strategies and institutionalised norms as regards emotion regulation in a short-and long-term perspective in relation to acute stressful situations that contain moral dilemmas. 15 participants at different hierarchical levels in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) were interviewed. Several individual emotion regulation strategies and organisational norms for emotional expressiveness were identified. These were integrated into a theoretical model. The study contributes by explicating a context-specific emotion culture that gives limited space for emotional expression as it is necessary to remain firm and cold in acute situations that include moral dilemmas. Leaders must be able to minimise emotional displays in order to contribute to operational efficiency (termed emotional containing capacity). Potential conflicts between a well-developed emotional containing capacity in acute situations and long-term adaptation to organisational norms in daily life after missions and practical implications are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Niméus, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Gene expression profilers and conventional clinical markers to predict distant recurrences for premenopausal breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy.
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 42:16, s. 2729-2737
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large proportion of breast cancer patients are treated with adjuvant chemotherapy after the primary operation, but some will recur in spite of this treatment. In order to achieve an improved and more individualised therapy, our knowledge in mechanisms for drug resistance needs to be increased. We have investigated to what extent cDNA microarray measurements could distinguish the likelihood of recurrences after adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) treatment of premenopausal, lymph node positive breast cancer patients, and have also compared this with the corresponding performance when using conventional clinical variables. We tried several gene selection strategies, and built classifiers using the resulting gene lists. The best performing classifier with odds ratio (OR) = 6.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-62) did not outperform corresponding classifiers based on clinical variables. For the clinical variables, calibrated on the samples, either using all the clinical parameters or the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) parameters, the areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. The ORs at 90% sensitivity were 15 (95% CI = 3.1-140) and 10 (95% CI = 2.1-97), respectively. Our data have provided evidence for a comparable prediction of clinical outcome in CMF-treated breast cancer patients using conventional clinical variables and gene expression based markers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Nyström, Max, et al.
(author)
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Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in punch biopsies from human colonic mucosa
- 2001
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In: Mediators of Inflammation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0962-9351 .- 1466-1861. ; 10:5, s. 269-272
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a well-known protease inhibitor. Its function is thought to be protease/protease-inhibitor balance. Free proteolytic activity, mainly pancreatic elastase, anionic trypsin and granulocytic elastase, has been demonstrated in faecal extracts from patients with ulcerative colitis. We wanted to verify that SLPI is actually secreted from normal human colonic mucosa. Also, we wanted to ascertain whether studies of SLPI secretion based on punch biopsies were dependent on biopsy area or on biopsy circumference. Normal colonic mucosa was sampled during surgery for colonic cancer. A total of 36 samples from four patients were used. Mucosa preparation was carried out using a punch biopsy technique, and samples of 3, 4 and 6 mm diameter were used. All media contained SLPI at varying concentrations. When expressed in terms of the sample area, the secretion per millimetre-squared seemed to decrease with increasing area. When calculated as secretion per circumference, secretion seemed to be constant. In conclusion, SLPI was secreted from normal human colonic mucosa. The SLPI secretion seemed dependent on the circumference of the biopsy rather than on the area of the biopsy.
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| 10. |
- Ohlsson, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Purification and characterization of human intestinal neutral ceramidase.
- 2007
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In: Biochimie. - : Elsevier BV. - 1638-6183 .- 0300-9084. ; 374:4, s. 329-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sphingolipids are degraded by sphingomyelinase and ceramidase in the gut to ceramide and sphingosine, which may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, and thus have anti-tumour effects in the gut. Although previous rodent studies including experiments on knockout mice indicate a role of neutral ceramidase in ceramide digestion, the human enzyme has never been purified and characterized in its purified form. We here report the purification and characterization of neutral ceramidase from human ileostomy content, using octanoyl-[C-14] sphingosine as substrate. After four chromatographic steps, a homogeneous protein band with 116 kDa was obtained. MALDI mass spectrometry identified 16 peptide masses similar to human ceramidase previously cloned by El Bawab et al. [Molecular cloning and characterization of a human mitochondrial ceramidase, J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 21508-21513] and Hwang et al. [Subcellular localization of human neutral ceramidase expressed in HEK293 cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 331 (2005) 37-42]. By RT-PCR and 5'-RACE methods, a predicted partial nucleotide sequence of neutral ceramidase was obtained from a human duodenum biopsy sample, which was homologous to that of known neutral/alkaline ceramidases. The enzyme has neutral pH optimum and catalyses both hydrolysis and formation of ceramide without distinct bile salt dependence. It is inhibited by Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions and by low concentrations of cholesterol. The enzyme is a glycoprotein but deglycosylation does not affect its activity. Our study indicates that neutral ceramidase is expressed in human intestine, released in the intestinal lumen and plays a major role in ceramide metabolism in the human gut. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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