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- Bergmark, Karin H., 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Extensive Internet Involvement—Addiction or Emerging Lifestyle?
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 8:12, s. 4488-4501
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the discussions for the future DSM-5, the Substance-Related Disorders Work Group has been addressing “addiction-like” behavioral disorders such as “Internet addiction” to possibly be considered as potential additions for the diagnostic system. Most research aiming to specify and define the concept of Internet addiction (or: Excessive/Compulsive/Problematic Internet Use—PIU), takes its point of departure in conventional terminology for addiction, based in established DSM indicators. Still, it is obvious that the divide between characteristics of addiction and dimensions of new lifestyles built on technological progress is problematic and far from unambiguous. Some of these research areas are developing from the neurobiological doctrine of addiction as not being tied to specific substances. The concept of “behavioral addictions”, based on biological mechanisms such as the reward systems of the brain, has been launched. The problems connected to this development are in this study discussed and reflected with data from a Swedish survey on Internet use (n = 1,147). Most Swedes (85%) do use the Internet to some degree. The prevalence of excessive use parallels other similar countries. Respondents in our study spend (mean value) 9.8 hours per week online at home, only 5 percent spend more than 30 hours per week. There are both positive and negative social effects at hand. Many respondents have more social contacts due to the use of Internet, but there is a decline in face-to-face contacts. About 40% of the respondents indicate some experience of at least one problem related to Internet use, but only 1.8% marked the presence of all problems addressed. Most significant predictors for problem indicators, except for age, relate to “time” and time consuming activities such as gaming, other activities online or computer skills.
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- Ekstrand, Eva
(author)
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Någon sa att jag borde skriva : om yrkesidentitet i nio kvinnliga journalisters berättelser
- 1998
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study concerns nine female journalists and their creation of their professional identity. Their stories have been written down in cooperation with the interviewer and interpreted hermeneutically (Ricoeur). The journalists position in the mass media organization is paradoxical. They are expected to act as defenders of democracy and free speech, but also to obey the "laws" of the mass media organization, such as efficiency and rationality. The thesis is that the paradoxical situation has impact on the creating of the journalists identity, often described in stereotypes such as the Pedagogue, the Storyteller etcetera. The narrative in the stories is contructed with the following elements: the step - into the profession, the confirmation and the repayment. When the journaliss take the step it turns out that everybody, except one, introduces a helper into the story: someone else told them to take the step. This can be interpreted in at least two ways; the helper takes the initiative and thereby reduces the self in the narrative, or he/she helps the journalist not to identify with a rational goaloriented (male) subject who selfconciously chooses journalism in order to changing the world, or at least save democracy, thus providing a possibility to creating another professional identity. The journalists are well acknowledged on their jobs, but the relation to the public is somewhat complicated. Finally a tentative attempt is made to find a concept that may capture their professional identities. The proposed concept is a "post-modern journalist identity", of which point of departure is not the modernist instrumental stereotypes, but the individuals constant creation of being a subject in their own stories, regardless of idols, class or gender.
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