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| 2. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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A field investigation of the size, morphology and chemical composition of airborne particles in rail transport
- 2010
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The health effects of inhalable airborne particles are well documented. In the European Union the European Council mandates that the level of airborne particles with a diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10) must not exceed an annual average of 40 µg/m3. Examples of possible sources from rail transport are mechanical brakes, wheel rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers and masonry structures. In this regard, a series of field tests have been conducted on a regular Swedish track using a regional train instrumented with: particle measurement devices, temperature sensors in brake pads and sensors to measure the magnitude of train speed and a GPS.Two sampling points for airborne particles were designated in the train under frame. One of the sampling points was near a pad to rotor disc brake contact and a second global sampling point was chosen under the frame, but not near a mechanical brake or the wheel-rail contact. The first one was highly influenced by brake pad wear debris and the other one was influenced by all of the brake pads, wheel and rail wear debris as well as re-suspension. In each sampling points, three tubes were linked to three particle measurement devices. Two sets of Ptrak, Dustrak and Grimm devices were used. The Ptrak 8525 was an optical particle measurement device which could measure particle diameter in the size interval of 20 nm up to 1 micrometer. The Dustrak was used to measure particle mass concentration. The Grimm 1.109 was an aerosol spectrometer which counted number of particles from 0.25 micrometer to 32 micrometer in 31 intervals. These two Grimm devices were equipped with Millipore filters in the devices outlets to capture particles for further studies on morphology and matter of particles.The total number and size distribution of the particles for these two sampling points were registered and evaluated in different situations such as activating and deactivating electrical brake or train curve negotiating.During braking, three peaks of 250 nm, 350 nm and 600 nm in diameter, with the 350 nm peak dominating were identified in the fine particle region. In the coarse particle region, a peak of around 3-6 µm in diameter was discovered. The brake pad temperature effects on particle size distribution were also investigated and the results showed that the peak around 250 nm increased. Furthermore, the activation of electrical braking significantly reduced the number of airborne particles.A SEM was used to capture the images from collected particles on filters. Furthermore, an ICP-Ms method was used to investigate the elemental contents of the particulates on the filter. In this case the main contribution belonged to Fe, Si, Al, Ca, Cu, Zn. The higher amount of some elements weights such as calcium, silicon, sodium and aluminum in the global sampling point filters revealed that ballast and concrete sleepers were the main sources for these particles although some of them originated from rail, wheel, brake disc and brake pad as well.
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| 3. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, et al.
(author)
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A study of airborne wear particles generated from organic railway brake pads and brake discs
- 2011
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In: Wear. - UK : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 273:1, s. 93-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Brake pads on wheel-mounted disc brakes are often used in rail transport due to their good thermal properties and robustness. During braking, both the disc and the pads are worn. This wear process generates particles that may become airborne and thus affect human health. The long term purpose of ‘Airborne particles in Rail transport’ project is to gain knowledge on the wear mechanisms in order to find means of controlling the number and size distribution of airborne particles. In this regard, a series of full-scale field tests and laboratory tests with a pin-on-disc machine have been conducted. The morphology and the matter of particles, along with their size distribution and concentration, have been studied. The validity of results from the pin-on-disc simulation has been verified by the field test results. Results show an ultra-fine peak for particles with a diameter size around 100 nm in diameter, a dominant fine peak for particles with a size of around 350 nm in diameter, and a coarse peak with a size of 3-7 μm in diameter. Materials such as iron, copper, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, antimony, and zinc have been detected in the nano-sized particles.
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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A field test study of airborne wear particles from a running regional train
- 2012
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In: IMechE, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. - UK : Sage Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 226:1, s. 95-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inhalable airborne particles have inverse health affect. In railways, mechanical brakes, the wheel–rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers, and masonry structures yield particulate matter. Field tests examined a Swedish track using a train instrumented with particle measurement devices, brake pad temperature sensors, and speed and brake sensors. The main objective of this field test was to study the characteristics of particles generated from disc brakes on a running train with an on-board measuring set-up.Two airborne particle sampling points were designated, one near a pad–rotor disc brake contact and a second under the frame, not near a mechanical brake or the wheel–rail contact; the numbers and size distributions of the particles detected were registered and evaluated under various conditions (e.g. activating/deactivating electrical brakes or negotiating curves). During braking, three speed/temperature-dependent particle peaks were identified in the fine region, representing particles 280 nm, 350 nm, and 600 nm in diameter. In the coarse region, a peak was discerned for particles 3–6 μm in diameter. Effects of brake pad temperature on particle size distribution were also investigated. Results indicate that the 280 nm peak increased with increasing temperature, and that electrical braking significantly reduced airborne particle numbers. FESEM images captured particles sizing down to 50 nm. The ICP-MS results indicated that Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg were the main elements constituting the particles.
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| 5. |
- Affas, Fatin, et al.
(author)
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Pain control after total knee arthroplasty : a randomized trial comparing local infiltration anesthesia and continuous femoral block
- 2011
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 82:4, s. 441-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is usually severe, and epidural analgesia or femoral nerve block has been considered to be an effective pain treatment. Recently, local infiltration analgesia (LIA) has become increasingly popular but the outcome of this method regarding the analgesic effect has not been fully evaluated. We compared local infiltration analgesia and femoral block with regard to analgesia and morphine demand during the first 24 h after TKA.METHODS: 40 patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive femoral nerve block (group F) or peri- and intraarticular infiltration analgesia (group LIA) with a mixture containing ropivacaine, ketorolac, and epinephrine. All patients had access to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine postoperatively. Pain intensity at rest and upon movement was assessed on a numeric rating scale (0-10) on an hourly basis over 24 h if the patients were awake.RESULTS: The average pain at rest was marginally lower with LIA (1.6) than with femoral block (2.2). Total morphine consumption per kg was similar between the 2 groups. Ancillary analysis revealed that 1 of 20 patients in the LIA group reported a pain intensity of > 7 upon movement, as compared to 7 out of 19 in the femoral block group (p = 0.04).INTERPRETATION: Both LIA and femoral block provide good analgesia after TKA. LIA may be considered to be superior to femoral block since it is cheaper and easier to perform.
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| 7. |
- Arvidson, Catarina, 1959-
(author)
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Genuspedagogers berättelser om makt och kontroll
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis 14 gender pedagogues’ stories about power and control are described and analysed. Here the term gender pedagogue refers to educators who have participated in further training in gender and gender equality studies. The training programme was the result of an initiative taken by the former Social Democratic government. The intention of the government was that those who participated in the training programme would then work as resource persons in the work for gender equality in preschools and schools (Frånberg, 2010; Regeringen, 2001a, 2001b; Wahlgren, 2009). The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the gender pedagogues’ access to power and control in work for change. The theoretical framework chosen for the study consists of Basil Bernsteins concepts classification and framing (Bernstein, 1977, 2000) and Hildur Ve’s (1999a, 1999b) use of the concepts technical limited rationality and care work rationality. The empirical evidence is based on observations in a seminar series on gender issues and semi-structured interviews. The results of the interviews are presented as stories which have been created in the interplay between the gender pedagogues and the interviewer. One conclusion that can be drawn from the stories is that power relations and gender patterns on many different levels influenced the possibilities of the gender pedagogues for power and control. Power and control in the relation between technical limited rationality and care work rationality is expressed in different ways. It is seen in the possibilities and descriptions of resistance and difficulties. Resistance and difficulties depended, according to the gender pedagogues, on the differences between their own view of knowledge and that of others. If gender and gender equality was not considered to be an important area of knowledge, possibilities for power and control decreased.
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| 8. |
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Blickar bakåt : Elva uppsatser om ett förgånget nu
- 2004
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Uppsatserna i Blickar bakåt - elva uppsatser om ett förgånget nu behandlar en rad teman från vitt skilda tidsperioder, allt från en medeltida avfallshög i Jämtland till våra dagars konfliktfyllda Irak. De speglar den historiska forskningens huvudinrikningar vid Mitthögskolans institution för humaniora, där författarna är verksamma som lärare, forskare eller doktorander. Antologin fokuserar dels på social- och kulturhistoria under den tidigmoderna perioden 1500-1800 och dels på industrisamhällets förutsättningar och historia under 1800- och 1900-talen. Flera av uppsatserna belyser förhållanden i Västernorrland och Jämtland, som utgör bokens regionala tyngdpunkt. Innehåll: Olofsson, Sven & Welinder, Stig: Historiens avfall Harnesk, Börje: Fogdarna och våldet Sörlin, Per: Om kriminalitet runt ett statsskifte: Jämtland under 1600-talet Perlestam, Magnus: Såsom en skyldig och oförfärad soldat och Tjänare: Mod i Karl XI:s krigsartiklar Samuelson, Jan: Om adelns symboliska representation i kyrkorna Berglund, Tomas: "I fäder, reten icke Edra barn till wrede, utan upföder dem i tuckt och Herrans förmaning": Fadersideal i uppfostranslitteratur 1750-1820 Eckeryd, Robert: Svära sig fri eller åt eden brista: faderskapsmål i 1860-talets Sollefteå och Nordingrå Olofsson, Sven: Ett centrum för Jämtlands handel?: Östersund och kampen om det jämtländska handelsomlandet 1786-1809 Kjellson, Christina: Norrländskt skeppsbyggeri: En av föregångarna till det sena 1800-talets expanderande trävaruindustri Berglund-Lake, Håkan: "Begäran om det trettonde skiftets borttagande" Om arbete och livsutrymme i de tidiga massafabrikernas samhällen Gunneriusson, Håkan: Historiografens uppgift i samtiden
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| 9. |
- Butler, Éile, et al.
(author)
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A pilot study investigating lactic acid bacterial symbionts from the honeybee in inhibiting human chronic wound pathogens
- 2016
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In: International Wound Journal. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1742-4801 .- 1742-481X. ; 13:5, s. 729-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment and management of chronic wounds is a large burden on the health sector and causes substantial suffering for the patients. We believe that 13 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) symbionts isolated from the honey crop of the honeybee are important players in the antimicrobial action of honey, by producing antimicrobial substances and can be used in combination with heather honey as an effective treatment in wound management. A total of 22 patients with chronic ulcers were included; culture-dependent and molecular-based (MALDI-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing) techniques were used to identify bacteria from chronic wounds. These clinical isolates were used for in vitro antimicrobial testing with standardised viable LAB and sterilised heather honey mixture. Twenty of the patients' wounds were polymicrobial and 42 different species were isolated. Patient isolates that were tested in vitro were inhibited by the LAB and honey combination with inhibitory zones comparable with different antibiotics. LAB and heather honey in combination presents a new topical option in chronic wound management because of the healing properties of honey, antimicrobial metabolite production from the LAB and their bactericidal effect on common chronic wound pathogens. This new treatment may be a stepping stone towards an alternative solution to antibiotics.
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| 10. |
- Cerne, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Pre-ovarian block versus paracervical block for oocyte retrieval.
- 2006
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In: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 21:11, s. 2916-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A pre-ovarian block (POB) technique can be used for pain relief during oocyte retrieval in IVF. The local anaesthetic is deposited in the vaginal wall and between the vaginal wall and the peritoneal surface near the ovary using ultrasound guidance. The aim of this study was to test whether analgesia with POB resulted in improved pain relief compared to paracervical block (PCB).
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