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- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Climate warming and land-use changes drive broad-scale floristic changes in Southern Sweden
- 2018
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 24:6, s. 2607-2621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Land-use changes, pollution and climate warming during the 20th century havecaused changes in biodiversity across the world. However, in many cases, the environmental drivers are poorly understood. To identify and rank the drivers currentlycausing broad-scale floristic changes in N Europe, we analysed data from two vascularplant surveys of 200 randomly selected 2.5 9 2.5 km grid-squares in Scania,southernmost Sweden, conducted 1989–2006 and 2008–2015, respectively, andrelated the change in frequency (performance) of the species to a wide range ofspecies-specific plant traits. We chose traits representing all plausible drivers ofrecent floristic changes: climatic change (northern distribution limit, flowering time),land-use change (light requirement, response to grazing/mowing, response to soildisturbance), drainage (water requirement), acidification (pH optimum), nitrogendeposition and eutrophication (N requirement, N fixation ability, carnivory, parasitism,mycorrhizal associations), pollinator decline (mode of reproduction) andchanges in CO2 levels (photosynthetic pathway). Our results suggest that climatewarming and changes in land-use were the main drivers of changes in the flora duringthe last decades. Climate warming appeared as the most influential driver, withnorthern distribution limit explaining 30%–60% of the variance in the GLMM models.However, the relative importance of the drivers differed among habitat types,with grassland species being affected the most by cessation of grazing/mowing andspecies of ruderal habitats by on-going concentration of both agriculture and humanpopulation to the most productive soils. For wetland species, only pH optimum wassignificantly related to species performance, possibly an effect of the increasinghumification of acidic water bodies. An observed relative decline of mycorrhizal species may possibly be explained by decreasing nitrogen deposition resulting in lesscompetition for phosphorus. We found no effect of shortage or decline of pollinatinglepidopterans and bees.
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- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
- 2016
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common approach to the conservation of farmland biodiversity and the promotion of multifunctional landscapes, particularly in landscapes containing only small remnants of non-crop habitats, has been to maintain landscape heterogeneity and reduce land-use intensity. In contrast, it has recently been shown that devoting specific areas of non-crop habitats to conservation, segregated from high-yielding farmland (“land sparing”), can more effectively conserve biodiversity than promoting low-yielding, less intensively managed farmland occupying larger areas (“land sharing”). In the present paper we suggest that the debate over the relative merits of land sparing or land sharing is partly blurred by the differing spatial scales at which it is suggested that land sparing should be applied. We argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes. Instead we propose an alternative conceptual construct, which we call “multiple-scale land sparing,” targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes. We discuss how multiple-scale land sparing may overcome the apparent dichotomy between land sharing and land sparing and help to find acceptable compromises that conserve biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality.
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- Lindahl, Lina, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Membrane engineering of S. cerevisiae targeting sphingolipid metabolism
- 2017
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 7, s. 41868-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sustainable production of fuels and chemicals using microbial cell factories is now well established. However, many microbial production processes are still limited in scale due to inhibition from compounds that are present in the feedstock or are produced during fermentation. Some of these inhibitors interfere with cellular membranes and change the physicochemical properties of the membranes. Another group of molecules is dependent on their permeation rate through the membrane for their inhibition. We have investigated the use of membrane engineering to counteract the negative effects of inhibitors on the microorganism with focus on modulating the abundance of complex sphingolipids in the cell membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of ELO3, involved in fatty acid elongation, and AUR1, which catalyses the formation of complex sphingolipids, had no effect on the membrane lipid profile or on cellular physiology. Deletion of the genes ORM1 and ORM2, encoding negative regulators of sphingolipid biosynthesis, decreased cell viability and considerably reduced phosphatidylinositol and complex sphingolipids. Additionally, combining ELO3 and AUR1 overexpression with orm1/2? improved cell viability and increased fatty acyl chain length compared with only orm1/2?. These findings can be used to further study the sphingolipid metabolism, as well as giving guidance in membrane engineering.
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- Lindahl, Lina, 1984, et al.
(author)
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THE INFLUENCE OF MEMBRANE COMPOSTION ON ACETIC ACID PERMEABILITY AND POTENTIALLY ACETIC ACID TOLERANCE
- 2014
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In: ISSY31: 31st International Specialised Symposium on Yeast.
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Compounds entering the cell do so either by passive diffusion over the plasma membrane or through transporters in the membrane. The specific lipid composition of the plasma membrane influences both the passive diffusion rate but also the activity of membrane proteins. Acetic acid, a major hurdle in fermentation processes using lignocellulosic material, is believed to pass through the membrane in its protonated from mainly by passive diffusion [1]. Sterols and sphingolipids are lipid classes thought to contribute to membrane rigidity. Sterols are often found to be involved in stress resistance [2, 3] and in our previous work sphingolipids were pointed at as an important constituent of the plasma membrane of the yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii, known to be very tolerant to acetic acid, suggesting a possible link between acetic acid tolerance and sphingolipid relative abundance in the membrane [4]. Here we will provide supporting evidence of the importance of sphingolipids and sterols in acetic acid membrane permeability. We have combined biochemistry techniques with in silico membrane modeling to answer the question how membrane engineering can be used to decrease acetic acid membrane permeability. [1] Verduyn et al. Yeast (1992) 501-517. [2] Alexandre et al. FEMS Microbiology Letters (1994) 124:17-22. [3] Liu et al. Journal of Applied Microbiology (2013) 114:482-491. [4] Lindberg et al. PlosONE (2003) 8(9): e73936.
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- Alenius, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Health care professionals’ experiences and perceptions of health promotion through the health dialogue intervention in the scania region, Sweden : a qualitative interview study
- 2023
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In: BMC Primary Care. - 2731-4553. ; 24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are among the largest public health challenges in Sweden. Research indicates that a healthy lifestyle can prevent most cases. The health dialogue is an evidence-based public health programme for primary care with positive results in several regions of Sweden. This study aimed to describe health care professionals’ experiences and perceptions of health promotion through the health dialogue intervention during the pilot phase in the Scania region of Sweden. Methods: The study consists of 12 individual interviews with health care professionals educated in the health dialogue method, implementing the intervention in Scania. Qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used. Results: The analysis resulted in 10 sub-categories and the four main categories: A more health-promoting mindset would benefit primary care; Empower individuals; Facilitate sustainable lifestyle changes; Challenges, tools and support for the implementation of the health dialogue. One overarching theme emerged: “Health dialogue, a potential start of a paradigm shift in Swedish primary care”. Conclusions: Conclusions imply that the health dialogue is a well-structured method with tools to make health promotion and primary prevention an integrated part of primary care. A respectful and motivating approach during the health dialogue is recommended. It is important to have an ongoing discussion about the approach among the health care professionals. Incorporating the Health Belief Model in the health care professionals’ education in the method could increase the focus on self-efficacy during counselling, which could favour the participants’ change process.
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