| 1. |
- Amodu, O. K., et al.
(author)
-
Association of the sickle cell trait and the ABO blood group with clinical severity of malaria in southwest Nigeria
- 2012
-
In: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 123:2, s. 72-77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In regions of high Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity, certain erythrocyte polymorphisms confer resistance to severe disease. In this study, we evaluate the role of the sickle cell trait (HbS) and ABO blood groups in the clinical manifestations of childhood malaria in Southwest Nigeria. The subjects comprised 3100 children (53% males, median age 39 months), including 1400 children with uncomplicated malaria, 1000 children with asymptomatic malaria and 700 with severe malaria. Haemoglobin (Hb) types were determined using electrophoresis and serum agglutination techniques were used to determine ABO blood groups. Blood group O was the commonest ABO blood group (47.7%) in the study population, the others were A (22.5%), B (25.2%) and AB (4.6%). The frequencies of the HbAS and HbAC were 14.4% and 5.8%, respectively. In regression models adjusting for age, gender, parasite density and blood group, HbAS was associated with a reduced risk of severe malaria OR=0.46 (CI95%: 0.273-0.773). Among severe malaria subjects, HbAS was associated with significantly lower parasite densities. The protective effect of blood group 0 was demonstrated with a decreased risk of severe malaria OR=0.743 (CI95%: 0.566-0.976) after adjusting for age, gender and parasite density and Hb genotype. Blood group B was associated with increased risk of severe malaria OR=1.638 (CI95%: 1.128-2.380) after adjusting for age, gender, packed cell volume, parasite density and Hb genotype. We have confirmed from this large study of Nigerian children the major protective effective of the sickle cell heterozygous state against both cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia. We also show that the B blood group is associated with an increased risk of severe malaria. In conclusion, the sickle cell haemoglobin type and ABO groups modulate the risk of severe malaria in Nigerian children.
|
|
| 2. |
- Balogun, F. M., et al.
(author)
-
Stated preferences for human papillomavirus vaccination for adolescents in selected communities in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria: A discrete choice experiment
- 2022
-
In: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2164-5515 .- 2164-554X. ; 18:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in early adolescence is effective in preventing cervical cancer, a common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is in the pre-introduction era of the HPV vaccine. Understanding the preferences of the population for the vaccine can help design the HPV immunization program to ensure high uptake of the vaccine. This study explored the preferences for the HPV vaccine among stakeholders in selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. A discrete choice experiment survey based on six attributes of the HPV vaccine (which were the number of doses, the efficacy of the vaccine, cost of the vaccine, location of the service point, other benefits of the vaccine apart from prevention of cervical cancer and the odds of a side effect from the vaccine) was carried out in five communities. Data were analyzed using conditional and mixed logit models. Seven hundred community members were recruited, 144 (20.7%) were adolescents and 248 (35.4%) were males. In line with expectations, respondents preferred vaccines with higher efficacy, less severe side effects and lower costs. Preference heterogeneity was identified for adolescents that were less price-sensitive and other community members who were less likely to prefer using schools as the service point. The high socioeconomic class preferred a vaccine that also prevents genital warts. There were variabilities in the preferences for the attributes of the HPV vaccine in the study communities. These variabilities need to be considered in the introduction of the HPV vaccine to ensure high uptake of the vaccine.
|
|
| 3. |
- Olaniyan, Subulade A., et al.
(author)
-
Tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism, TNF-238 is associated with severe clinical outcome of falciparum malaria in Ibadan southwest Nigeria
- 2016
-
In: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 161, s. 62-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) - alpha has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of falciparum malaria. Two TNF promoter polymorphisms, TNF-308 and TNF-238 have been associated with differential activity and production of TNF. In order to investigate the association between TNF-308 and TNF-238 and the clinical outcome of malaria in a Nigerian population, the two TNF polymorphisms were analysed using Sequenom iPLEX Platform. A total of 782 children; 283 children with uncomplicated malaria, 255 children with severe malaria and 244 children with asymptomatic infection (controls) were studied. The distribution of TNF-308 and TNF-238 genotypes were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Distribution of both TNF polymorphisms differed significantly across all clinical groups (TNF-308: p = 0.007; TNF-238: p=0.001). Further tests for association with severe malaria using genotype models controlling for age, parasitaemia and HbAS showed a significant association of the TNF-238 polymorphism with susceptibility to severe malaria (95% CI = 1.43-6.02, OR= 2.94, p = 0.003237) The GG genotype of TNF-238 significantly increased the risk of developing cerebral malaria from asymptomatic malaria and uncomplicated malaria (95% CI = 1.99-18.17, OR= 6.02, p <0.001 and 95% CI= 1.78-8.23, OR= 3.84, p <0.001 respectively). No significant association was found between TNF-308 and malaria outcome. These results show thegenetic association of TNF-238 in the clinical outcome of malaria in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. These findings add support to the role of TNF in the outcome of malaria infection. Further large scale studies across multiple malaria endemic populations will be required to determine the specific roles of TNF-308 and TNF-238 in the outcome of falciparum malaria infection.
|
|
