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- Flynn, Clare Marie, et al.
(author)
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Hadley Cell Size and Strength Responses Depend on Turbulent Drag
- 2023
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In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. - 0022-4928 .- 1520-0469. ; 80:4, s. 1047-1064
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The position and strength of the Hadley cell circulation determine the habitable zones in the tropics, yet our understanding of and ability to predict changes in the circulation is limited. One potentially important source of uncertainty is the dependence of the Hadley cell on turbulent drag. Here, the sensitivity of the Hadley cell and associated features such as the intertropical convergence zone to variations in the magnitude of the turbulent drag is explored with an atmospheric general circulation model in aquaplanet configuration. The tropical circulation and precipitation, and extratropical features such as the polar jet stream, displayed a strong sensitivity to the strength of the parameterized turbulent drag, with distinct low- or high-drag regimes. However, the response of the meridional heat transport produced a surprising departure from previous expectations: with greater drag, simulations exhibited less heat transport than low-drag simulations, which is in the opposite sense to that from Held and Hou. This may be due to the energetic constraints in the present model framework. When exposed to a uniform global warming, the response of the ITCZ precipitation depends strongly on the choice of drag, whereas most simulations exhibit a poleward expansion of the subtropics.
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- Flynn, Clare Marie, et al.
(author)
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On the climate sensitivity and historical warming evolution in recent coupled model ensembles
- 2020
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:13, s. 7829-7842
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) to a doubling of atmospheric CO2, along with the transient climate response (TCR) and greenhouse gas emissions pathways, determines the amount of future warming. Coupled climate models have in the past been important tools to estimate and understand ECS. ECS estimated from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models lies between 2.0 and 4.7 K (mean of 3.2 K), whereas in the latest CMIP6 the spread has increased to 1.8-5.5 K (mean of 3.7 K), with 5 out of 25 models exceeding 5 K. It is thus pertinent to understand the causes underlying this shift. Here we compare the CMIP5 and CMIP6 model ensembles and find a systematic shift between CMIP eras to be unexplained as a process of random sampling from modeled forcing and feedback distributions. Instead, shortwave feedbacks shift towards more positive values, in particular over the Southern Ocean, driving the shift towards larger ECS values in many of the models. These results suggest that changes in model treatment of mixed-phase cloud processes and changes to Antarctic sea ice representation are likely causes of the shift towards larger ECS. Somewhat surprisingly, CMIP6 models exhibit less historical warming than CMIP5 models, despite an increase in TCR between CMIP eras (mean TCR increased from 1.7 to 1.9 K). The evolution of the warming suggests, however, that several of the CMIP6 models apply too strong aerosol cooling, resulting in too weak mid-20th century warming compared to the instrumental record.
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- Strid, Sofia, Associate Professor [Docent], 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Better stories for a gender equal and fairer social recovery from outbreaks : learnings from the RESISTIRÉ project
- 2022
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In: Gender and Development. - : Routledge. - 1355-2074 .- 1364-9221. ; 30:1-2, s. 265-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pandemic has radically shifted how society is organised, with increased work from home, home-schooling, and intensification of online presence, all with specific (un)intended implications on paid and unpaid care work. These implications, like those of other crises, are gendered and manifest along sex, age, disability, ethnicity/race, migration status, religion, social class, and the intersections between these inequalities. While many studies have identified these unequal and negative impacts, and point to significant care-related inequalities, the specific contribution of this paper is a different one, namely to point towards inspiring practices as better stories of and in the care domain during the pandemic. The aim is to make these better stories visible and to think about these as ways forward to mitigate the unequal impacts of COVID-19 and its policy responses. Theoretically, the approach is based on ‘better stories’, as developed by Dina Georgis (2013, Better Story. Queer Affects from the Middle East, New York: State University). The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data, gathered from the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK, within the EU H2020 project RESISTIRÉ.
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- Strid, Sofia, Docent, 1976-
(author)
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Betydelser av könsstympning hos migrerade minoriteter i Sverige [Meanings of female genital mutilation among migrant minorities in Sweden] : En feministisk våldsforskningsanalys [A feminist violence studies analysis]
- 2020
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In: Sociologisk forskning. - Annelöv : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 57:2, s. 141-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article examines meanings and attitudes to female genital mutilation among migrated minorities in Sweden. It explores the importance of family, networks, work, the role of laws and regulations, and the meaning and importance of female genital mutilation. It draws conclusions on power structures around and determinants of female genital mutilation in relation to attitudes and attitudinal change. The material was collected via four focus groups with 47 migrated men and women, originally from Somalia. Theoretically, the article draws on feminist institutionalism and the framework on gender regimes, and scholarship on intersectional violence, and expands the concept of violence beyond the physical, individual and intentional.The article argues that the risk of female genital mutilation decreases considerably with migration. While some previous research has failed to consider migration as a process of attitudinal change, the article shows that attitudes do not simply migrate with migrants; they change through the processes of migration. It contributes to debates on violence from an integration-theoretical perspective, and shows how the concepts of isolation and mobility can contribute to better explanations of attitudes and practices of female genital mutilation.
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| 6. |
- Nazin, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Direct Weight Optimization in Nonlinear Function Estimation and System Identification
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on System Identification and Control Problems (SICPRO '07). - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Direct Weight Optimization (DWO) approach to estimating a regression function and its application to nonlinear system identification has been proposed and developed during the last few years by the authors. Computationally, the approach is typically reduced to a quadratic or conic programming and can be effectively realized. The obtained estimates demonstrate optimality or sub-optimality in a minimax sense w.r.t. the mean-square error criterion under weak design conditions. Here we describe the main ideas of the approach and represent an overview of the obtained results.
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- Domingo, Jose L., et al.
(author)
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Human dietary exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in Catalonia, Spain : temporal trend
- 2012
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In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 135:3, s. 1575-1582
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we assessed the levels of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the most widely consumed foodstuffs in Catalonia, Spain, as well as the total dietary intake of these compounds. Forty food items were analysed. Only perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexadecanoic acid (PFHxDA) and perfluorooctanoicdecanoic acid (PFOcDA) were not detected in any sample. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the compound found in the highest number of samples (33 out of 80), followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (PFDS). Fish and shellfish was the food group in which more PFASs were detected and where the highest PFAS concentrations were found. The highest dietary intakes corresponded to children, followed by male seniors, with values of 1787 and 1466 ng/day, respectively. For any of the age/gender groups of the population, the Tolerable Daily Intakes (TDIs) recommended by the EFSA were not exceeded. In general terms, PFAS levels found in the current study are lower than the concentrations recently reported in other countries.
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| 10. |
- Flyman Mattsson, Anna
(author)
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Teaching, Learning, and Student Output : A Study of French in the Classroom
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Student speech production is an essential part of language learning in the foreign-language classroom. The students usually have few opportunities to use the language outside the classroom, which underscores the importance of making good use of the time spent in the classroom. Much research has shown that learner output is necessary, or at least facilitative, in language acquisition. This claim forms the basis of the Output Hypothesis, which underlies the present work. In order to investigate student output, two aspects have been taken into consideration. First, teaching – in the form of different activities and teacher input – has been studied in order to relate it to the speech produced by the students. Second, learning – as it is shown in the student output – has been investigated through longitudinal analyses. The two aspects give a comprehensive picture of what goes on in the classroom and how teaching and students’ production are related to each other. Following a review of earlier research, a presentation is given of five different analyses conducted on around 40 hours of recordings made in three classrooms in upper-secondary schools over three years and on individual recordings of eleven learners made on two different occasions. The first analysis provides an overview of the teaching method in the three classes along with a quantitative account of the student output. This analysis shows that the teaching becomes more communicative in the third year and that the students’ output increases. The second analysis investigates teacher questions and the responses they generate. The main finding here is that the students do not take the opportunities given to them to use their interlanguage, which justifies a suggestion regarding the optimal teacher question for promoting student output. The following two analyses consider the verb use by the students: the forms and functions as well as the lexicon. These analyses show that the type of activity is an important factor in generating variation in student output while frequency in the input from the teacher is mainly influential on the production of verb forms. Finally, in the last analysis the relationship between metalinguistic knowledge and production is investigated. This analysis shows that metalinguistic knowledge is not applied in production and that there is an implicational relationship between rules and production. With the investigation of how different factors interact in the classroom, an important step may be taken towards improved language teaching and student language production.
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