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- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Johansson, N., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum thin films in the pristine and reduced states
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 111:5, s. 2157-2163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) has been studied in the pristine molecular solid state as well as upon interaction (doping) with potassium and lithium. We discuss the results of a joint theoretical and experimental investigation, based on a combination of x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies with quantum-chemical calculations at the density functional theory level. Upon doping, each electron transferred from an alkali metal atom is stored on one of the three ligands of the Alq(3) molecule, resulting in a new spectral feature (peak) in the valence band that evolves uniformly when going from a doping level of one to three metal atoms per Alq(3) molecule. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)50628-4].
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| 5. |
- Kall, M., et al.
(författare)
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Resonance Raman scattering as a probe of oxygen dynamics in YBa2Cu3Ox
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. - 0022-3697 .- 1879-2553. ; 59, s. 1988-1990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the metastable photo-bleaching of the 2.15 eV yellow Raman resonance in oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3Ox (x = 6.35-6.87), extending investigations by Wake ct al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., 1991,67, 3728) for x approximate to 7. Polarization, x dependence and phonon spectra indicate that the resonance is localized at oxygen vacancies in long CuO-chains. The resonance is thermally reactivated from the metastable bleached state with a relaxation time tau similar to exp[Delta/k(B)T] with Delta approximate to 1 eV. The resulting temperature dependent equilibrium resonance intensity essentially miners the oxygen superstructure disordering around T* approximate to 100 degrees C observed in the same crystals by hard X-ray diffraction, thus offering a new effective probe of chain-oxygen dynamics in YBa2Cu3Ox. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Osada, H, et al.
(författare)
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Association of erythroid transcription factors : complexes involving the LIM protein RBTN2 and the zinc-finger protein GATA1
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 92:21, s. 9-9585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RBTN2 LIM-domain protein, originally identified as an oncogenic protein in human T-cell leukemia, is essential for erythropoiesis. A possible role for RBTN2 in transcription during erythropoiesis has been investigated. Direct interaction of the RBTN2 protein was observed in vivo and in vitro with the GATA1 or -2 zinc-finger transcription factors, as well as with the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1. By using mammalian two-hybrid analysis, complexes involving RBTN2, TAL1, and GATA1, together with E47, the basic helix-loop-helix heterodimerization partner of TAL1, could be demonstrated. Thus, a molecular link exists between three proteins crucial for erythropoiesis, and the data suggest that variations in amounts of complexes involving RBTN2, TAL1, and GATA1 could be important for erythroid differentiation.
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| 7. |
- Osada, H, et al.
(författare)
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LIM-only protein Lmo2 forms a protein complex with erythroid transcription factor GATA-1
- 1997
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - 0887-6924. ; 11:Suppl 3, s. 12-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LIM-only protein Lmo2, originally identified as an oncogenic protein in human T cell leukemia, is essential for erythropoiesis. A possible role for Lmo2 in transcription during erythropoiesis has been investigated. Direct interaction of Lmo2 was observed in vitro and in vivo with the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1, as well as with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Tall. By using mammalian two-hybrid analysis, E47/Tall/Lmo2/GATA-1 protein complex could be demonstrated. Thus, a molecular link exists between three proteins crucial for erythropoiesis. This data suggest that variations in amounts of complexes involving Lmo2, Tall, and GATA-1 could be important for erythroid differentiation.
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| 8. |
- Osada, T, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in the rheological artery during rhythmic thigh flow profile in conduit femoral muscle contractions in humans
- 2005
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Ingår i: Japanese Journal of Physiology. - 0021-521X. ; 55:1, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined the rheological blood velocity profile in the conduit femoral artery during rhythmic muscle contractions at different muscle forces. Eight healthy volunteers performed one-legged, dynamic knee-extensor exercise at work rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 W at 60 contractions per minute. The time and space-averaged, amplitude-weighted mean ( V-mean) and maximum (V-max) blood flow velocities in the common femoral artery were measured during the cardiosystolic phase (CSP) and cardiodiastolic phase (CDP) by the Doppler ultrasound technique. The V-max /V-mean ratio was used as a flow profile index, in which a ratio of similar to 1 indicates a m m "flat velocity flow profile" and a ratio significantly > 1 indicates a "parabolic velocity flow profile ' " At rest, the V-max / V-mean ratio was similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.8 during the CSP and CDP, respectively. The V-max/V-mean ratio was higher (p < 0.01) during the CDP than during the CSP, both at rest and at all work rates. The V-max/V-mean ratio during the CSP was higher Max (p < 0.01) at 30 and 40 W compared to at rest. The V-max/V-mean ratio during the CDP was lower (p < 0.05) at 5 and 10 W compared to at rest. There was a positive linear correlation between blood flow and incremental work rates during both the CSP and CDP, respectively. Thus under resting conditions, the findings indicate a "steeper" parabolic velocity profile during the CDP than during the CSR The velocity profile during the CDP furthermore shifts to being less "steep" during rhythmic muscle contractions at lower intensities, but to being reelevated and normalized as at rest during higher intensities. The "steepness" of the parabolic velocity profile observed during the CSP at rest increased during muscle contraction at higher intensities. In conclusion, the blood velocity in the common femoral artery is parabolic both at rest and during exercise for both the CSP and CDP, indicating the persistence of laminar flow. The occurrence of any temporary slight disturbance or turbulence in the flow at the sight of measurement in the common femoral artery does consequently not induce a persisting "disturbed" and fully flat "plug-like" velocity profile. Instead, the "steepness" of the parabolic velocity profile is only slightly modified, whereby blood flow is not impaired. Thus the blood velocity profile, besides being influenced by the muscle contraction-relaxation induced mechanical "impedance," seems also to be modulated by the cardiac- and blood pressure-phases, consequently influencing the exercise blood flow response.
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| 9. |
- Osada, T., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in exercising limb blood flow variability between cardiac and muscle contraction cycle related analysis during dynamic knee extensor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707. ; 46:4, s. 590-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Blood flow in peripheral conduit arteries during steady-state, dynamic exercise, can be estimated noninvasively with Doppler ultrasound, by measuring the conduit arterial diameter and the mean blood velocity averaged over consecutive cardiac beat-by-beat cycles (BBcycle) or muscle contraction-relaxation cycles (CRcycle). The precise impact fluctuations in the 1-BBcycle- or 1-CRcycle-rate may impose on the average blood flow measurements has previously not been clearly defined. The hypothesis investigated in the present study was that the blood flow measurements obtained, and its variability, during exercise, may differ between the 1-BBcycle and 1-CRcycle at incremental exercise intensities; as the BBcycle-measurements may be influenced by transient alterations in heart rate; whereas the CRcycle-measurements are dependent on the muscle contraction-relaxation frequencies independent of the exercise intensities per se. The main purpose was therefore to determine if fluctuations in blood flow for 1-BBcycle and 1-CRcycle varies at incremental exercise intensities (work rates) using the one-legged dynamic knee-extensor exercise (DKE) model. Methods. Limb femoral artery blood flow (LBF) was determined, for 1-BBcycle and 1-CRcycle, in 8 healthy male subjects during 4-min of steady-state DKE at 60 contractions per minute at 10, 20,30 and 40 W. The variability of LBF was determined from the coefficients of variation (CVLBF). Results. The CVLBF for the CRcycle-measurements at each work rate were similar (P=NS). The CVLBF for the BBcycle-measurements were higher (P<0.05) at 40 W compared to at 10 W. Furthermore, the CVLBF for the 1-BBcycle was higher (P<0.05) than for the 1-CRcycle at 30 and 40 W, despite almost identical mean LBF values for the BBcycle- and the CRcycle-measurements at each exercise intensity. Conclusions. The present data suggests that estimates of LBF at slightly higher exercise intensities such as above 30 W, for a few number of consecutive BBcycle renders a higher variability than for CRcycle-measurements. This may consequently result in slight over- and under-estimations of LBF compared to the CRcycle-measurement.
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| 10. |
- Rabbitts, T H, et al.
(författare)
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Chromosomal translocations and leukaemia : a role for LMO2 in T cell acute leukaemia, in transcription and in erythropoiesis
- 1997
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - 0887-6924. ; 11:Suppl 3, s. 2-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LMO2 gene associated with T cell acute leukaemia has been used as an example of a gene activated by association with the T cell receptor genes after chromosomal translocations. The gene is shown to encode a LIM protein which is involved in protein interactions and during normal haematopoiesis is necessary for erythroid development. LMO2 has been shown to cause tumours when aberrantly expressed and to be able to heterodimerise with TAL1 to facilitate tumour development.
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