| 1. |
- Annese, Emilia, et al.
(author)
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Nonvortical Rashba Spin Structure on a Surface with C1h Symmetry
- 2016
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 117:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A totally anisotropic peculiar Rashba-Bychkov (RB) splitting of electronic bands was found on the Tl/Si(110)-(1×1) surface with C1h symmetry by angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles theoretical calculation. The constant energy contour of the upper branch of the RB split band has a warped elliptical shape centered at a k point located between Γ and the edge of the surface Brillouin zone, i.e., at a point without time-reversal symmetry. The spin-polarization vector of this state is in-plane and points almost the same direction along the whole elliptic contour. This novel nonvortical RB spin structure is confirmed as a general phenomenon originating from the C1h symmetry of the surface.
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| 2. |
- Bliem, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Adsorption and incorporation of transition metals at the magnetite Fe3O4(001) surface
- 2015
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In: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 92:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The adsorption of Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, and Zr at the (root 2 x root 2)R45 degrees-reconstructed Fe3O4(001) surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and density functional theory (DFT). Following deposition at room temperature, metals are either adsorbed as isolated adatoms or fill the subsurface cation vacancy sites responsible for the (root 2 x root 2)R45 degrees reconstruction. Both configurations coexist, but the ratio of adatoms to incorporated atoms depends on the metal; Ni prefers the adatom configuration, Co and Mn form adatoms and incorporated atoms in similar numbers, and Ti and Zr are almost fully incorporated. With mild annealing, all adatoms transition to the incorporated cation configuration. At high coverage, the (root 2 x root 2)R45 degrees reconstruction is lifted because all subsurface cation vacancies become occupied with metal atoms, and a (1 x 1) LEED pattern is observed. DFT+U calculations for the extreme cases, Ni and Ti, confirm the energetic preference for incorporation, with calculated oxidation states in good agreement with photoemission experiments. Because the site preference is analogous to bulk ferrite (XFe2O4) compounds, similar behavior is likely to be typical for elements forming a solid solution with Fe3O4.
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| 3. |
- Burkitt-Gray, Mary, et al.
(author)
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Structural investigations into colour-tuneable fluorescent InZnP-based quantum dots from zinc carboxylate and aminophosphine precursors
- 2022
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In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 15:4, s. 1763-1774
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fluorescent InP-based quantum dots have emerged as valuable nanomaterials for display technologies, biological imaging, and optoelectronic applications. The inclusion of zinc can enhance both their emissive and structural properties and reduce interfacial defects with ZnS or CdS shells. However, the sub-particle distribution of zinc and the role this element plays often remains unclear, and it has previously proved challenging to synthesise Zn-alloyed InP-based nanoparticles using aminophosphine precursors. In this report, we describe the synthesis of alloyed InZnP using zinc carboxylates, achieving colour-tuneable fluorescence from the unshelled core materials, followed by a one-pot ZnS or CdS deposition using diethyldithiocarbamate precursors. Structural analysis revealed that the “core/shell” particles synthesised here were more accurately described as homogeneous extended alloys with the constituent shell elements diffusing through the entire core, including full-depth inclusion of zinc.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Atomic and electronic structures of the ordered 2√3 × 2√3 andthe molten 1×1 phase on the Si(111):Sn surface
- 2010
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:23, s. 235410-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Si(111) surface with an average coverage of slightly more than one monolayer of Sn, exhibits a 2√3 × 2√3 reconstruction below 463 K. In the literature, atomic structure models with 13 or 14 Sn atoms in the unit cell have been proposed based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results, even though only four Sn atoms could be resolved in the unit cell. This paper deals with two issues regarding this surface. First, high resolution angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and STM are used to test theoretically derived results from an atomic structure model comprised of 14 Sn atoms, ten in an under layer and four in a top layer [Törnevik, et al., PRB 44, 13144 (1991)]. Low temperature ARPES reveals six occupied surface states. The calculated surface band structure only reproduces some of these surface states. However, simulated STM images show that certain properties of the four atoms that are visible in STM are reproduced by the model. The electronic structure of the Sn atoms in the under layer of the model does not correspond to any features seen in the ARPES results. New STM images are presented which indicate the presence of a different under layer consisting of eight Sn atoms, that is not compatible with the model. These results indicate that a revised model is called for. The second issue is the reversible transition from a 2√3 × 2√3 phase below 463 K to a 1×1 phase corresponding to a molten Sn layer, above that temperature. It is found that the surface band structure just below the transition temperature is quite similar to that at 100 K. The surface band structure undergoes a dramatic change at the transition. A strong surface state, showing a 1×1 periodicity, can be detected above the transition temperature. This state resembles parts of two surface states which, already before the transition temperature is reached, has begun a transformation and lost much of their 2√3×2√3 periodicities. Calculated surface band structures obtained from 1×1 models with 1 ML of Sn are compared with ARPES and STM results. It is found that the strong surface state present above the transition temperature shows a dispersion similar to that of a calculated surface band originating from the Sn-Si interface with the Sn atoms in T1 sites.
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| 5. |
- Gerhold, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Nickel-Oxide-Modified SrTiO3(110)-(4 x 1) Surfaces and Their Interaction with Water
- 2015
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:35, s. 20481-20487
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nickel oxide (NiO), deposited onto the strontium titanate (SrTiO3) (110)-(4 X 1) surface, was studied using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and low-energy He+ ion scattering (LEIS), as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The main motivation for studying this system comes from the prominent role it plays in photocatalysis. The (4 X 1) reconstructed SrTiO3(110) surface was previously found to be remarkably inert toward water adsorption under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Nickel oxide grows on this surface as patches without any apparent ordered structure. PES and LEIS reveal an upward band bending, a reduction of the band gap, and reactivity toward water adsorption upon deposition of NiO. Spectroscopic results are discussed with respect to the enhanced reactivity toward water of the NiO-loaded surface.
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| 6. |
- Inagaki, Shunsuke, et al.
(author)
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Effects of adsorbed molecular ordering to the superconductivity of a two-dimensional atomic layer crystal
- 2023
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In: Physical Review Materials. - : American Physical Society. - 2475-9953. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) adsorption on the physical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer superconductor (ALSC) In/Si(111)-(7×3) has been studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, transport measurements, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Hole doping from the adsorbed molecules has been reported to increase the superconducting transition temperature Tc of this ALSC, and the molecular spin tends to decrease it. Owing to its large electron affinity and its nonexistent spin state, the adsorption of PTCDA was expected to increase Tc. However, the PTCDA adsorption dopes only a small number of holes in the In layers and causes a suppression of Tc with a sharp increase in the normal-state sheet resistance followed by an insulating transition. Taking the disordering of the arrangement of PTCDA into account, we conclude that the increase in resistance is due to the localization effect originating from the random potential that is induced by the disordered PTCDA molecules. The present result also indicates the importance of the crystallinity of a 2D molecular film adsorbed on ALSCs.
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| 7. |
- Makela, Jaakko, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of chemical, electronic, and optical properties of Mg-doped AlGaN
- 2016
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:50, s. 28591-28597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are common unintentional impurities of Al(x)Ga(1−x)N crystals. This impurity structure and its interplay with Mg impurities in Al(x)Ga(1−x)N semiconductors are relevant to develop the p-type nitride crystals for various devices (e.g, LEDs, transistors, gas sensors) but are still unclear. Here we have investigated Mg-doped Al0.5Ga0.5N before and after postgrowth annealing with valence-band and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and resistivity measurements. First, it is found that a surface part of the Al0.5Ga0.5N crystal is surprisingly inert with air and stable against air exposure-induced changes. Thus, the relatively surface-sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reflect in this case also the bulk crystal characteristics. The measurements reveal the presence of deep states up to 1 eV above valence-band maximum before and after the annealing and that oxygen and carbon occupy N lattice sites (i.e., ON and CN). The model where CN-induced acceptor states in the band gap participate in the blue emission (photoluminescence) is supported. Furthermore, the presented Mg 2p core-level spectra demonstrate that part of Mg atoms forms direct bond(s) with oxygen in the bulklike structure of Al0.5Ga0.5N and that the chemical environment of Mg atoms is much richer than was expected previously.
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| 8. |
- Makela, J., et al.
(author)
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Line shape and composition of the In 3d(5/2) core-level photoemission for the interface analysis of In-containing III-V semiconductors
- 2015
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In: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5584 .- 0169-4332. ; 329, s. 371-375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The In 3d(5/2) photoelectron spectroscopy peak has been widely used to determine the interface structures of In-containing III-V device materials (e.g., oxidation states). However, an unclear parameter affecting the determination of the energy shifts and number of the core-level components, and therefore, the interpreted interface structure and composition, is still the intrinsic In 3d(5/2) peak line shape. It is undecided whether the line shape is naturally symmetric or asymmetric for pure In-containing III-V compounds. By using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that the In 3d(5/2) asymmetry arising from the emission at high binding-energy tail is not an intrinsic property of InAs, InP, InSb and InGaAs. Furthermore, it is shown that asymmetry of In 3d(5/2) peaks of pure III-V's originates from the natural surface reconstructions which cause the coexistence of slightly shifted In 3d(5/2) components with the symmetric peak shape and dominant Lorentzian broadening. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Osiecki, Jacek, et al.
(author)
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Alloying of Sn in the surface layer of Ag(111)
- 2013
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is found that 1/3 monolayer (ML) of Sn forms a surface alloy with 2/3 ML of Ag on Ag(111). This highly ordered alloy layer shows a √3×√3 structure. By employing experimental and theoretical tools (scanning tunneling microscopy [STM], angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and density functional theory), an atomic model has been obtained that reproduces the experimental electronic structure in both real and reciprocal space. Detailed surface band dispersions, constant energy contours, and STM images, obtained experimentally and theoretically, are compared in order to verify the model. Similar, 1-layer-thick alloys on Ag(111) with Pb, Bi, or Sb exhibit measurable spin–orbit interactions. However, no such spin split could be detected in the case of Sn in this study.
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| 10. |
- Osiecki, Jacek, et al.
(author)
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Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of a Highly Ordered Two-Dimensional Sn/Ag Alloy on Si(111)
- 2012
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 109:5, s. 057601-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The existence of a highly ordered, two-dimensional, Sn/Ag alloy on Si(111) is reported in this study. We present detailed atomic and electronic structures of the one atomic layer thick alloy, exhibiting a 2 x 2 periodicity. The electronic structure is metallic due to a free-electron-like surface band dispersing across the Fermi level. By electron doping, the electronic structure can be converted into a semiconducting state. A rotated Sn trimer constitutes the key structural element that could be identified by a detailed analysis of constant energy contours derived from the free-electron-like band.
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