| 1. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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The genetic and environmental overlap between callous-unemotional traits and ADHD symptoms among five year old twins
- 2019
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In: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 49:6, s. 522-522
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Disruptive behavior disorders (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], conduct disorder [CD]) affect 5–10 % of youth and represent the primary reason for youth referrals to clinicians (APA, 2013). DSM-V includes callous-unemotional (CU) traits (specifier ‘with prosocial emotions’) to CD (APA, 2013; Frick et al., 2014). Research suggests an association between CU traits and ADHD symptoms (Graziano et al., 2016; Babinski, et al., 2017; Haas et al., 2018). The genetic and environmental overlap between CU traits and ADHD symptoms were examined in a sample of 1,189 five year-old children using teacher-ratings, the PrEschool Twin Study in Sweden (PETSS). The correlations between CU traits and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and between CU traits and inattention were rp = .53, p<.05 and .44, p<.05, respectively. For CU traits, genetic factors accounted for 25%, p<.05 of the variance, the shared environment accounted for 48%, p<.05, and the non-shared environment for 27%, p<.05. For hyperactivity/impulsivity, genetic factors accounted for 85%, p<.05 of the variance and the non-shared environment accounted for 15%, p<.05. For inattention, genetic factors accounted for 43%, p<.05 of the variance, the shared environment accounted for 38%, p<.05, and the non-shared environment for 19%, p<.05. For CU traits and hyperactivity/impulsivity, rg = .58 (.36, .88), rc = .84 (.46, 1.00), re = .24 (.10, .37). For CU traits and inattention, rg = .33 (.00, .61), rc = .63 (.43, .82), re = .30 (.17, .43). These findings indicate that CU traits and ADHD symptoms partly share a common genetic and environmental etiology.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget, et al.
(author)
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DISPOSITIONAL FACTORS ACCOUNTING FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW RESTING HEART RATE IN CHILDHOOD AND LATER ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR : A TRIARCHIC MODEL ANALYSIS USING LONGITUDINAL-STUDY DATA
- 2020
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In: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 57:S1, s. S76-S76
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There has been a longstanding interest in autonomic activity in relation to criminal deviancy, antisocial behavior (ASB), and psychopathy. Among the autonomic measures studied to date, considerable evidence supports low rest-ing heart rate (HR) early in life as one of the most robust predictors of later ASB (Farrington, 1997). Some studies have examined stimulation seeking and fearlessness as possible trait factors accounting for the low HR/ASB rela-tionship (Hammerton et al., 2017; Portnoy et al., 2014; Sijstema et al., 2010), but the individual difference basis of this relationship remains unclear. The current study tested for associations of resting HR at ages 9–10 with triarchic psychopathy traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition along with ASB later in life (ages 19–20) among participants (N = 687) from a longitudinal investigation, the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB; Baker et al., 2013) project. Resting HR was negatively associated with both violent and nonviolent behavior, and with externalizing problems more broadly. It was also related negatively to triarchic traits of boldness and disinhibition, with the relationship somewhat stronger for boldness. Importantly, boldness and disinhibition each accounted for significant variance in associations of low resting HR with particular types of ASB. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the nature and bases of the low HR–antisocial behavior relationship will be discussed.
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| 4. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(author)
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Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy : Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC
- 2022
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In: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 34:3, s. 1088-1103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
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| 5. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(author)
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Relationship between resting heart rate and law enforcement involvement : The moderating role of socioeconomic status in a sample of urban youth
- 2022
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In: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Resting heart rate (RHR) is a well-established biological risk factor for criminal behavior. However, potential moderating effects of social risk factors like socioeconomic status on this relationship remain unclear. The current study sought to clarify the moderating impact of socioeconomic status on the relation between low RHR in childhood and adolescence and subsequent legal system involvement by young adulthood.Methods: A subset of twins and triplets from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project (N = 347) were utilized to test hypotheses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for a moderating effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between RHR and later law enforcement involvement (trouble with police, arrest).Results: Resting HR and SES were individually associated with an increased likelihood of being in trouble with the police and being arrested. In addition, RHR and SES in adolescence interacted to predict trouble with the police and arrest history by young adulthood, such that low RHR predicted these outcomes among adolescents who remained in low SES backgrounds.Conclusions: Adolescents who remain in low socioeconomic backgrounds from childhood will be a particularly important group to target in terms of treatment efforts to prevent criminal behavior.
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| 6. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(author)
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Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life
- 2023
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In: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 11:1, s. 90-105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk indicator for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB) and other clinical problems. Stimulation seeking and fearlessness have been explored as factors underlying the HR/ASB relationship, but these have often been conflated, which has complicated interpretation. We examined HR's associations with ASB and other outcomes in terms of biobehavioral traits described by the triarchic model of psychopathy using data (N = 710) from a longitudinal study of ASB risk. Low resting HR in childhood was related to adult ASB, and covariance between ASB and traits of disinhibition and boldness largely accounted for this association. In addition, low childhood HR was related to greater externalizing problems and fewer internalizing problems in adulthood; disinhibition accounted for the former association, and boldness accounted for the latter. Findings indicate a role for both disinhibition and boldness in associations between early HR and later clinical outcomes and have implications for theory and practice.
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| 7. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget, et al.
(author)
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AUTONOMIC RESPONSES TO FEAR CONDITIONING AND THE TRIARCHIC MODEL OF PSYCHOPATHY : THE MODERATING ROLES OF BOLDNESS
- 2021
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In: Psychophysiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 58:Suppl. 1, s. S45-S45
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There has been a longstanding interest in relationships between autonomic activity during fear conditioning paradigms and antisocial behavior and psychopathy. A considerable body of work has explored electrodermal and cardiovascular responses both in anticipation of, and in response to, fear conditioning paradigms in antisocial participants (Hare 1965; Hare & Quinn, 1976). However, there is a lack of work exploring these associations in adolescent populations, and how these associations may relate to the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009). The current study examined relationships between skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate reactivity (HRR) to a countdown task at ages 9– 10, and the triarchic psychopathy traits at ages 9– 10, 14– 15, and 19– 20 in a longitudinal sample (N = 695) of twins from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB; Baker et al., 2013) project. Children and adolescents high in boldness, both rated by themselves and their parents, demonstrated reduced skin conductance both in anticipation of and in reaction to the loud blast. Similar patterns were also demonstrated for heart rate (HR); children and adolescents high in boldness had less HR change during the countdown, and reduced HRR to the blast itself. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the role of boldness in autonomic reactivity to fear conditioning paradigms will be discussed.
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| 8. |
- Chan, Elizabeth S. M., et al.
(author)
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Triarchic traits as risk versus protective factors for ADHD symptomatology : A prospective longitudinal investigation
- 2024
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In: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; , s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with myriad adverse outcomes, including interpersonal difficulties, but factors that moderate the developmental course and functional impact of ADHD over time are not well understood. The present study evaluated developmental contributions of the triarchic neurobehavioral traits (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) to ADHD symptomatology and its subdimensions from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were twins and triplets assessed at ages 14, 17, and 19 (initial N = 1,185, 51.2% female). Path analyses using negative binomial regression revealed that boldness at age 14 was associated with more ADHD symptoms cross-sectionally (especially hyperactivity/impulsivity), but fewer symptoms (especially inattention) at age 19 in the prospective analysis. Notably, inclusion of interpersonal problems at ages 14 and 17 as covariates reduced the latter effect to nonsignificant. Disinhibition concurrently and prospectively predicted higher levels of ADHD symptoms, including both subdimensions, and the prospective effects were partially mediated by greater social impairment at age 17. Meanness prospectively (but not concurrently) predicted higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Sex moderated certain associations of meanness and disinhibition with ADHD symptoms. These findings highlight how fundamental neurobehavioral traits shape both psychopathology and adaptive outcomes in the developmental course of ADHD.
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| 9. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women : A population-based study
- 2023
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In: The Stockholm Criminology Symposium. ; , s. 33-33
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women.Methods: All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We estimated absolute and relative risks of being convicted of criminal convictions using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival analyses for men and women separately. We also tested for differences in magnitudes of associations for men versus women.Results: Several adverse perinatal events were associated with an increased risk of violent and non–violent criminal convictions in both men and women. Associations between low birth weight, small nessrelative to gestational age and preterm birth with non–violent criminal convictions were statistically significantly higher for men than for women. There was a dose–dependent association between adverse perinatal events with violent and non–violent criminal convictions for both men and women, indicated by the strengthened magnitude of HR estimates with exposure to an increasing number of adverse perinatal events.Conclusions: Adverse perinatal events are associated with violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women, with some differences in risk estimates between sexes. Findings are compatible with theoretical accounts implicating disruption of the neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.
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| 10. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-
(author)
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Biological risk factors for crime : Adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biological risk factors for crime have been largely neglected within main-stream criminology. However, a large body of research has over the past few decades converged on the conclusion that it is important to consider biological risk factors for crime, as they may help to inform theory and etiology. We are gaining more knowledge about the biological underpinnings of crime in a rapidly evolving research field, but many questions remain to be answered.The overarching goal with the present dissertation was to expand the knowledge about biological risk factors, including adverse perinatal events and psychophysiology, for crime. Specifically, Study I aimed to examine the associations between adverse perinatal events and offspring crime in men and women respectively. Study II aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure with reoffending in men. Study III aimed to examine associations for resting heart rate with crime in women. Lastly, Study IV aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between psychopathic personality and aversive startle potentiation. These aims were pursued through three studies utilizing Swedish population-based registers (Study I, Study II, and Study III), as well as one systematic review (Study IV).Taken together, the overall findings of the present dissertation suggest that biological risk factors are important for crime in various ways. Biological risk factors represent an important step forward to broaden our understanding of crime and may have the potential to inform theory and etiology as well as to ultimately improve prediction, prevention, and intervention strategies.
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