| 1. |
- Boonstra, Wiebren J., et al.
(författare)
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What are the major global threats and impacts in marine environments? Investigating the contours of a shared perception among marine scientists from the bottom-up.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 60, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine scientists broadly agree on which major processes influence the sustainability of marine environments worldwide. Recent studies argue that such shared perceptions crucially shape scientific agendas and are subject to a confirmation bias. Based on these findings a more explicit engagement with scientists' (shared) perceptions of global change in marine environments is called for. This paper takes stock of the shared understanding in marine science of the most pertinent, worldwide threats and impacts that currently affect marine environments. Using results from an email survey among leading academics in marine science this article explores if a shared research agenda in relation to global change in marine environments exists. The analysis demonstrates that marine scientists across disciplines are largely in agreement on some common features of global marine change. Nevertheless, the analysis also highlights where natural and social scientists diverge in their assessment. The article ends discussing what these findings imply for further improvement of interdisciplinary marine science.
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| 2. |
- Pedersen, M. W., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in marine climate change research in the Nordic region since the first IPCC report
- 2016
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 134:1-2, s. 147-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oceans are exposed to anthropogenic climate change shifting marine systems toward potential instabilities. The physical, biological and social implications of such shifts can be assessed within individual scientific disciplines, but can only be fully understood by combining knowledge and expertise across disciplines. For climate change related problems these research directions have been well-established since the publication of the first IPCC report in 1990, however it is not well-documented to what extent these directions are reflected in published research. Focusing on the Nordic region, we evaluated the development of climate change related marine science by quantifying trends in number of publications, disciplinarity, and scientific focus of 1362 research articles published between 1990 and 2011. Our analysis showed a faster increase in publications within climate change related marine science than in general marine science indicating a growing prioritisation of research with a climate change focus. The composition of scientific disciplines producing climate change related publications, which initially was dominated by physical sciences, shifted toward a distribution with almost even representation of physical and biological sciences with social sciences constituting a minor constant proportion. These trends suggest that the predominantly model-based directions of the IPCC have favoured the more quantitatively oriented natural sciences rather than the qualitative traditions of social sciences. In addition, despite being an often declared prerequisite to successful climate science, we found surprisingly limited progress in implementing interdisciplinary research indicating that further initiatives nurturing scientific interactions are required.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jensen, Pernille E., et al.
(författare)
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Electrodialytic versus acid extraction of heavy metals from soil washing residue
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 86, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The feasibility of electrodialytic remediation (EDR) for treatment of suspended sludge after soil washing is in focus in the present paper. Five industrially contaminated soils were treated in laboratory scale remediation experiments, and the toxic elements of the investigation were: As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb. The results showed that all investigated elements could be removed from all soils to some extent by EDR. For all anthropogenic contaminants, higher extraction can be obtained under the influence of the direct current during EDR than by washing. During EDR most elements were transferred primarily to the cathode, where Cu and Pb precipitated at the cathode, while Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn primarily, or solely (for Ni), were dissolved in the catholyte, showing how cationic species dominated the chemistry of these elements. Despite the differences between the soils, the remediation results were explained well by the hydrolytic chemistry of the elements, with a difference between the soils. The only element transported primarily towards the anode, was arsenic suggesting that As(V) is the dominating species, and showing that As(III) is oxidized during the remediation process. In contrast the kinetic stability of Cr(III) hinders oxidation of this element, and leaves this as the least removable of the seven.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ottosen, Lisbeth M., et al.
(författare)
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Electrodialytic remediation of soil slurry-removal of Cu, Cr, and As
- 2009
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Ingår i: Separation science and technology (Print). - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. - 0149-6395 .- 1520-5754. ; 44:10, s. 2245-2268
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe soil contamination is often found at old wood preservation sites and a common combination of pollutants is Cu, Cr, and As. In the present work it is tested if simultaneous removal of Cu, Cr, and As can be obtained in an electrodialytic cell where the polluted soil is remediated as a stirred suspension (placed as the desalination compartment in accordance to the position of the ion exchange membranes). The soil for the experiments was sampled at an abandoned wood preservation site and contained 2170mg Cu/kg, 710mg Cr/kg and 3200mg As/kg. SEM-EDX analysis showed that Cu, Cr, As and oxygen formed particles that were cementing soil minerals together. The soil was suspended in distilled water, distilled water with I2 crystals to have an oxidizing environment, or in an acidified environment at pH about 1.0. The experiments lasted from 1 to 3 weeks. Good results were obtained in two experiments; an experiment where the soil was suspended in distilled water and the remediation lasted 3 weeks with 2.5mA and an experiment with acidification of the soil suspension with HNO3 to pH about 1.0 (2 weeks and 5mA). The best separation of pollutants and soil was obtained in the experiment with suspension in distilled water. Based on soil concentrations, good Cu removal (95%) was obtained in both experiments. Removal of Cr was most efficient from the acidified soil suspension (74%). Both Cu and Cr concentrations were below the limiting values after the remediation. The As concentration, however, was not even although 61% was removed. In the soil remained about 1070mg As/kg soil and since the limiting value is 40mg As/kg, the removal was not efficient enough. So simultaneous removal was possible, but the target values were only met in the case of Cu and Cr, and more research is needed to remove As to a sufficiently low concentration, as well.
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| 8. |
- Ottosen, T. -B., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the impact of inhomogeneous emissions in the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 8:10, s. 3231-3245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semi-parameterized street canyon models, as e.g. the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM (R)), have been frequently applied for the last two decades to analyse levels and consequences of air pollution in streets. These models are popular due to their speed and low input requirements. One often-used simplification is the assumption that emissions are homogeneously distributed in the entire length and width of the street canyon. It is thus the aim of the present study to analyse the impact of this assumption by implementing an inhomogeneous emission geometry scheme in OSPM. The homogeneous and the inhomogeneous emission geometry schemes are validated against two real-world cases: Hornsgatan, Stockholm, a sloping street canyon; and Jagtvej, Copenhagen; where the morning rush hour has more traffic on one lane compared to the other. The two cases are supplemented with a theoretical calculation of the impact of street aspect (height / width) ratio and emission inhomogeneity on the concentrations resulting from inhomogeneous emissions. The results show an improved performance for the inhomogeneous emission geometry over the homogeneous emission geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the impact of inhomogeneous emissions is largest for near-parallel wind directions and for high aspect ratio canyons. The results from the real-world cases are however confounded by challenges estimating the emissions accurately.
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| 9. |
- Pedersen, Kristine B., et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of climate change on metal leaching and partitioning for submarine mine tailings disposal
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, there are no standardised tests to assess metal leaching during submarine tailings discharge. In this study the influence of variables known to affect metal mobility and availability (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, salinity, temperature, aerated/anoxic conditions) along with variables affected by the discharge conditions (flocculant concentration, suspension) were studied in bench-scale experiments. The leaching tests were developed based on the case of a copper mine by Repparfjorden, northern Norway, which is planned to re-open in 2022.The experiments, which had three week duration, revealed low (<6 %) leaching of metals. Multivariate analysis showed that all variables, apart from DOC, highly influenced leaching and partitioning of at least one metal (Ba, Cr, Cu, and/or Mn). The high quantity of the planned annual discharge of mine tailings to the fjord (1–2 million tonnes) warranted estimation of the leached quantity of metals. Multivariate models, using present-day conditions in the fjord, estimated leaching of up to 124 kg Ba, 154 kg Cu and 2400 kg Mn per year during discharge of tailings. Future changes in the fjord conditions caused by climate change (decreased pH, increased temperature) was predicted by the multivariate models to increase the leaching up to 55 %, by the year 2065.The bench-scale experiments demonstrated the importance of including relevant variables (such as pH, salinity, and temperature) for metal leaching and -partitioning in leaching tests. The results showed that metal leaching during discharge is expected and will increase in the future due to the changed conditions caused by the foreseen climate change, and thereby underline the importance of monitoring metal concentrations in water during operations to determine the fate of metals in the fjord.
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| 10. |
- Skibsted, Gry, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical desalination of bricks - Experimental and modeling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686. ; 181, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorides, nitrates and sulfates play an important role in the salt-decay of porous materials in buildings and monuments. Electrochemical desalination is a technology able to remove salts from such porous materials in order to stop or prevent the decay. In this paper, experimental and numerical results for ED treatments of red bricks contaminated with NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 are presented and compared. The results show high removal efficiencies of similar to 99 % for Cl- and NO3-, and similar to 89 % for SO42- in less than 8 days when applying 2.22 A m(-2). The slightly slower removal rate in the sulfate-contaminated bricks with respect to the monovalent ions is discussed. Comparison between the experimental and the simulation results showed that the proposed numerical model is able to predict electrochemical desalination treatments with remarkable accuracy, and it can be used as a predictive tool for the optimization and the design of the treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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