| 1. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Constructions in Parallel Corpora : A Quantitative Approach
- 2017
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In: Computational and Corpus-Based Phraseology. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319698045 - 9783319698052 ; , s. 41-53
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary goal of the present study is to find an adequate methodfor the quantitative analysis of empirical data obtained from parallel corpora.Such a task is particularly important in the case of fixed constructions possessingsome degree of idiomaticity and language specificity. Our data consist of theRussian construction дeлo в тoм, чтo and its parallels in English, German andSwedish. This construction, which appears to present no difficulty for translationinto other languages, is in fact, language-specific when compared with otherlanguages. It displays a large number of different parallels (translation equivalents)in other languages, and possesses a complex semantic structure. Theconfiguration of semantic elements comprising the content plane of this constructionis unique. The empirical data have been collected from the corpusquery system Sketch Engine, subcorpus OPUS2 Russian, and the RussianNational Corpus (RNC). We propose to use the Herfindahl index as a tool forquantitative analysis in order to measure the degree of uniformity in the frequencydistribution of the various translations of the construction under investigation.This tool is not universal and does not enable us to answer all thequestions that arise in connection with determining the specificity of languageunits. However, it clearly helps to obtain more objective results and to refine thequantitative analysis of idiomatic constructions on the basis of corpus data.
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| 2. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Corpus perspectives on Russian discursive units : Semantics, pragmatics, and contrastive analysis
- 2015
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In: Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2015. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319179476 - 9783319179483 ; , s. 223-241
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study analyzes a group of Russian discursive units withfocus-sensitive semantics such as imenno (just/precisely) , kak raz (just/precisely) ,to-to i ono (that’s just it/the point/problem) , to-to i est’ (that’s just it/the point/problem)and to-to i delo (that’s just it/the point/problem). They are important elementsof communication but have not yet been adequately described. Some of the analyzedlexical units – for example, imenno and kak raz or to-to i ono, to-to i est’ andto-to i delo – are near synonyms. Others, such as kak raz and to-to i ono , are not nearsynonyms, but they nevertheless belong to the semantic class of focus-sensitive elements.Thus they can all be put into a single group according to the principle offamily resemblance. The material itself suggests the logic of the analysis – on thebasis of pairs or groups of the semantically closest near synonyms: (1) imenno vs.kak raz ; (2) imenno vs. to-to i ono, (3) to-to i ono vs. to-to i est’ vs. to-to i delo.Near-synonyms within these groups can be distinguished from each other on thebasis of semantics, pragmatics, and usage preferences. Identifying differences ofvarious types requires a good corpus with numerous examples, for they can be presentsimultaneously on several levels: semantic and pragmatic, pragmatic and usual,etc. Often, although not always, pragmatic and/or usual differences are semanticallymotivated. Syntactic distinctions among near-synonyms, including those in certainsyntactic patterns, are also generally motivated by differences in their semantics. Ina number of cases the problem is solved through the use of translational equivalents,that is, not on the level of individual lexical units (words and phrasemes) but on thatof the entire utterance. Using relevant lexicographic information, text corpora,including parallel corpora, and works of fi ction, we shall: (a) clarify semantic and pragmatic properties as well as usage peculiarities of thefocus sensitive discursive units imenno, kak raz, to-to i ono, to-to i est’ andto-to i delo; (b) analyze their systemic and translational equivalents in English and Swedish.
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| 3. |
- Dobrovolskij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Discursive Constructions in the Russian-Swedish Dictionary Database : A Case Study of v tom-to i N
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the XVII EURALEX International Congress. - : Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi University Press. - 9789941135422 ; , s. 668-677
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary goal of the present study is to develop a new way for description of discursive units in a Russian-Swedish dictionary database which is currently under construction. Discursive units are important elements of communication but have not been fully described as yet. Using large text corpora for the empirical data we are going to analyze the type of construction v tom-to i N/ втом-тои N (that’s [just] the N) which is realized in a wide variety of tokens and demonstrate that some tokens of the construction can be so frequent that they can be considered to be cognitively entrenched units and are preserved in memory as separate units of the language, i.e. phrasemes. Such units should be described as separate items of the lexicon. The task of the investigation is to refine our notions about the structural properties of v tom-to i N/втом-тои N (that’s [just] the N) and identify additional distinctive features of the construction which should be included in its lexicographic description.
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| 4. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Discursive units and bilingual dictionaries : именно and как раз
- 2014
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In: Med blicken österut. - Skellefteå : Artos & Norma bokförlag. - 9789175807157 ; , s. 57-66
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The semantic structure of discursive units is so intricate that it is often impossible to find appropriate equivalents in other languages. While translating utterances containing such words and constructions, contexts have to be taken into account to a large extent. However, while compiling bilingual dictionaries, a lexicographer has to find equivalents on the lexical level. At present we are working on a Swedish-Russian and Russian-Swedish dictionary which is small in size and therefore will include only frequent discursive units in present-day Russian. Such units as именно and как раз are very important for communication; nevertheless present-day Russian-Swedish dictionaries do not explain the difference between the Swedish near-equivalents to these Russian focus constructions (cf. именно and как раз). The starting point of our investigation is previous research of two German focus particles eben and gerade and their Russian near-equivalents именно and как раз (Dobrovol’skij, Levontina 2012; Dobrovol’skij, Šarandin 2013). Unlike как раз, именно may be used as a separate utterance; this ability goes back to different semantic properties. Using relevant lexicographic information and text corpora, among them parallel corpora, as well as works of fiction, we are going to: clarify the use of именно and как раз; discuss their near-equivalents in English and Swedish which will enable us to compile dictionary entries which will be included into our Swedish-Russian and Russian-Swedish dictionary.
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| 5. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Entrenched Lexical Patterns : The Russian Construction rho mom-mo u rho ecb N
- 2015
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 206, s. 18-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary theoretical goal of the present study is to verify a hypothesis that fixedness of word combinations is notnecessarily connected with non-compositionality. Many constructions formed in accordance with the rules governing the cooccurrenceof their elements can nevertheless be retained in memory as separate units. Using large text corpora for theempirical data we are going to analyze the type of construction в том-то и весь N (that’s /just the whole N) which is realizedin a wide variety of tokens and demonstrate that some tokens of the construction can be so frequent that they can beconsidered to be cognitively entrenched units and are preserved in memory as separate units of the language. Such unitsshould be described as separate items of the lexicon. The practical task of the investigation is to refine our notions about thestructural peculiarities of в том-то и весь N (that’s /just/ the whole N) and its variant в том-то весь и N (that’s /just/ thewhole N).a We are also going to identify some regularities of distribution of fillers of the slot N in both variants of theconstruction and formulate corresponding rules for such distribution.
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| 6. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij O., 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Constructions to-to i N, v tom-to i N, v tom-to i ves' < ves' i> N : a corpus-based study
- 2016
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In: Science for Education Today. - : Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. - 2658-6762. ; 6:2, s. 61-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Целью настоящего исследования является проверка гипотезы о природе лексической словосочетаемости. В соответствии с традиционными представлениями словосочетания могут быть либо свободными, либо устойчивыми. Причем понятие устойчивости традиционно связывается с понятием неаддитивности смыслов. Значение свободного словосочетания выводится из значений входящих в него элементов, в отличие от устойчивого словосочетания, значение которого не выводится из его составляющих, т. е. не является ни композиционным, ни аддитивным. С появлением больших корпусов текстов и развитием новых лингвистических направлений, таких как грамматика конструкций, открылись возможности исследования частоты употребления языковых единиц и их когнитивной укорененности эмпирическими методами, в том числе с помощью статистических методов. В статье будет показано, что устойчивость словосочетаний не обязательно связана с некомпозиционностью. Многие конструкции, образуемые согласно правилам управления элементами словосочетания, могут тем не менее храниться в памяти как самостоятельные единицы. С помощью больших корпусов текстов, позволяющих получить обширный эмпирический материал, будут проанализированы семантически близкие конструкции то-то и N, в том-то и N и в том-то и весь <весь и> N и их реализации и будет показано, что некоторые реализации конструкций настолько частотны, что их можно считать когнитивно укорененными единицами, хранящимися в памяти как самостоятельные единицы языка. Соответственно, их следует описывать как отдельные единицы лексикона. Будут также выявлены некоторые закономерности распределения филлеров слота N рассматриваемых конструкций и сформулированы соответствующие правила такого распределения.
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| 7. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Pragmatic potential of Russian discursive units : a constructional approach
- 2015
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In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0044-3506 .- 2196-7016. ; 60:4, s. 613-628
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Because different languages often lack semantic equivalents, translation may require looking for other cross-linguistic correlations on the level of the utterance. To find a functional equivalent that is adequate to the translation of a given context, the search should focus on pragmatic correspondences rather than semantic equivalents. The present article examines this phenomenon on the basis of the Russian near-synonymous discursive units with focus-sensitive semantics imenno (just/precisely) and kak raz (just/precisely). They are important elements of communication but have far not been fully described. Using relevant lexicographic information, text corpora, including parallel corpora, and works of fiction, we are going to show that synonymy of these discursive units is not as complete as it appears at first glance. We will analyze their semantic and pragmatic properties, usage peculiarities as well as systemic and translational equivalents in English, German and Swedish.
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| 8. |
- Dobrovolskij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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The discursive construction дело в том, что and its parallels in other languages : A contrastive corpus study
- 2016
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In: Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. - Moscow : RSUH. ; , s. 134-145
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary goal of the present study is to improve methods for contras-tive corpus investigations. Our data is the Russian construction дело в том, что and its parallels in English, German and Swedish. This construction, which appears to present no difficulty for translation into other languages, is in fact language-specific with respect to at least one parameter. It dis-plays a large number of different parallels (translation equivalents) in other languages, and possesses a complex semantic structure. The configura-tion of semantic elements comprising the content plane of this construction is unique. The empirical data have been collected from the corpus query system Sketch Engine, subcorpus OPUS2 Russian, and the Russian Na-tional Corpus (RNC). The analysis shows that the construction дело в том, что has more than 50 parallels in English, over 30 in German, and about 30 in Swedish. In all three languages the most common means of translat-ing the construction is to omit it. Also frequent are the English equivalents the fact/thing/point/truth is (that); (it’s/this/that is) because; the German expressions nämlich; die Sache ist, die; denn; and the Swedish construc-tions saken är den att; problemet/faktum är att. The semantic structure of дело в том, что includes the following components: 1) substantiation of something stated previously; 2) indication of the reason something has happened; 3) emphasis on the significance of what has been stated. The different translations of the construction are motivated by the fact that each specific context focuses on one of these meanings.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dobrovol'skij, Dmitrij, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Дискурсивная конструкция N в том, что и ее параллели в других языках [The discursive construction N v tom, čto and its parallels in other languages] : контрастивное корпусное исследование [a contrastive corpus study]
- 2016
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In: Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. - : Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. - 2226-3365. ; :6, s. 164-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- В данном исследовании используются материалы параллельных корпусов с русским, английским, немецким и шведским языками. На основе анализа полученных данных выработаны операциональные критерии, которые могут быть положены в основу типологизации дискурсивных конструкций. Цель работы – найти способ противопоставить устойчивые, идиоматические конструкции, с одной стороны, и композиционные, близкие к свободным словосочетаниям – с другой. Это сделано на примере русской конструкции N в том, что и ее параллелей в английском, немецком и шведском языках. Обычно к параллельным корпусам обращаются для выявления способов перевода языковых структур на другие языки, выявления лингвоспецифичности языковых единиц или для усовершенствования их лексикографического описания. В этой статье впервые материалы параллельного корпуса используются для выделения различных типов русских дискурсивных конструкций. Тем самым данная работа может рассматриваться как вклад в развитие методов корпусных исследований. Конструкция N в том, что имеет в русском языке такие варианты, как дело в том, что; проблема в том, что; беда в том, что; суть в том, что; правда в том, что; идея в том, что и др. В статье рассматриваются три реализации данной конструкции – дело в том, что; проблема в том, что и правда в том, что. Из этих трех конструкций лишь дело в том, что является лексикализованнной, т. е. может рассматриваться как единица русского лексикона. Это доказывается тем, что при переводе этого выражения на другие языки доминируют не его пословные корреляты, а функциональные эквиваленты, формально не имеющие с ним ничего общего. Две другие конструкции чаще всего переводятся пословно, что дает основание рассматривать их как свободные словосочетания. В качестве эмпирической базы использовались Sketch Engine и НКРЯ.
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