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- Gaulton, Kyle J, et al.
(author)
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Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.
- 2015
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
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| 2. |
- Ortega, Francisco B., et al.
(author)
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Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood : a cohort study
- 2013
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4, s. e60871-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundTo know how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time change across lifespan periods is needed for designing successful lifestyle interventions. We aimed to study changes in objectively measured (accelerometry) MVPA and sedentary time from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsEstonian and Swedish participants from the European Youth Heart Study aged 9 and 15 years at baseline (N = 2312) were asked to participate in a second examination 6 (Sweden) to 9/10 (Estonia) years later. 1800 participants with valid accelerometer data were analyzed.ResultsMVPA decreased from childhood to adolescence (-1 to -2.5 min/d per year of follow-up, P = 0.01 and <0.001, for girls and boys respectively) and also from adolescence to young adulthood (-0.8 to -2.2 min/d per year, P = 0.02 and <0.001 for girls and boys, respectively). Sedentary time increased from childhood to adolescence (+ 15 and + 20 min/d per year, for girls and boys respectively, P<0.001), with no substantial change from adolescence to young adulthood. Changes in both MVPA and sedentary time were greater in Swedish than in Estonian participants and in boys than in girls. The magnitude of the change observed in sedentary time was 3-6 time larger than the change observed in MVPA.ConclusionsThe decline in MVPA (overall change = 30 min/d) and increase sedentary time (overall change = 2: 45 h/d) observed from childhood to adolescence are of concern and might increase the risk of developing obesity and other chronic diseases later in life. These findings substantially contribute to understand how key health-related behaviors (physical activity and sedentary) change across important periods of life.
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| 3. |
- Solenhill, Madeleine, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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The Effect of Tailored Web-Based Feedback and Optional Telephone Coaching on Health Improvements : A Randomized Intervention Among Employees in the Transport Service Industry
- 2016
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In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto, ON : JMIR. - 1438-8871. ; 18:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Lifestyle-related health problems is an important health concern in the transport service industry. Web- and telephone-based interventions could be suitable for this target group requiring tailored approaches.Objective: To evaluate the effect of tailored web-based health feedback and optional telephone coaching with respect to improved lifestyle factors (Body Mass Index [BMI], dietary intake, physical activity, stress, sleep, tobacco- and alcohol consumption, disease history, self-perceived health, and motivation to change health habits), in comparison to no health feedback or telephone coaching.Methods: 3,876 employees in the Swedish transport services were e-mailed a web-based questionnaire. They were randomized to either: A) control group (498 out of 1,238 answered, 40.2%) or B) intervention web (482 out of 1,305 answered, 36.9%), or C) intervention web+telephone (493 out of 1,333 answered, 37.0%). All groups received an identical questionnaire, only the interventions differed. Group B received tailored web-based health feedback and group C received tailored web-based health feedback + optional telephone coaching if the participants’ reported health habits did not meet the national guidelines, or if they expressed motivation to change health habits. The web-based feedback was fully automated. Telephone coaching was performed by trained health counsellors. Nine months later, all participants received a follow-up questionnaire and intervention web+telephone. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and generalized estimation equations (GEE) models were employed.Results: 981 out of 1,473 (66.6%) employees participated at baseline (men: 66.7%, mean age: 44 years, mean BMI: 26.4 kg/m2) and at follow-up. No significant differences were found in reported health habits between the three groups over time. However, significant changes were found for motivation to change. The intervention groups reported higher motivation to improve dietary habits (n=144 out of 301 participants [47.8%] and n=165 out of 324 participants [50.9%] for B and C, respectively) and physical activity habits (n=181 out of 301 participants [60.1%] and n=207 out of 324 participants [63.9%] for B and C, respectively) compared to the control group A (n=122 out of 356 participants [34.3%] for diet and n=177 out of 356 participants [49.7%] for physical activity). At follow-up, the intervention groups had significantly decreased their motivation (group B: P<.001 for change in diet; P<.001 for change in physical activity; group C: P=.007 for change in diet; P<.001 for change in physical activity), whereas the control group reported significantly increased motivation to change diet and physical activity (P<.001 for change in diet; P<.001 for change in physical activity). © Madeleine Solenhill, Alessandra Grotta, Elena Pasquali, Linda Bakkman, Rino Bellocco, Ylva Trolle Lagerros.Conclusions: Tailored web-based health feedback and the offering of optional telephone coaching did not have a positive health effect on employees in the transport services. However, our findings suggest an increased short-term motivation to change health behaviors related to diet and physical activity among those receiving tailored web-based health feedback.
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