| 1. |
- Saunte, D. M. L., et al.
(author)
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A survey among dermatologists: diagnostics of superficial fungal infections - what is used and what is needed to initiate therapy and assess efficacy?
- 2019
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In: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 33:2, s. 421-427
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Superficial fungal infections are common. It is important to confirm the clinical diagnosis by mycological laboratory methods before initiating systemic antifungal treatment, especially as antifungal sensitivity and in vitro susceptibility may differ between different genera and species. For many years, the gold standard for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections has been direct fungal detection in the clinical specimen (microscopy) supplemented by culturing. Lately, newer molecular based methods for fungal identification have been developed. Objective This study was initiated to focus on the current usage of mycological diagnostics for superficial fungal infections by dermatologists. It was designed to investigate whether it was necessary to differentiate between initial diagnostic tests and those used at treatment follow-up in specific superficial fungal infections. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed among members of the EADV mycology Task Force and other dermatologists with a special interest in mycology and nail disease. Results The survey was distributed to 62 dermatologists of whom 38 (61%) completed the whole survey, 7 (11%) partially completed and 17 (27%) did not respond. Nearly, all respondents (82-100%) said that ideally they would use the result of direct microscopy (or histology) combined with a genus/species directed treatment of onychomycosis, dermatophytosis, Candida- and Malassezia-related infections. The majority of the dermatologists used a combination of clinical assessment and direct microscopy for treatment assessment and the viability of the fungus was considered more important at this visit than when initiating the treatment. Molecular based methods were not available for all responders. Conclusion The available diagnostic methods are heterogeneous and their usage differs between different practices as well as between countries. The survey confirmed that dermatologists find it important to make a mycological diagnosis, particularly prior to starting oral antifungal treatment in order to confirm the diagnose and target the therapy according to genus and species.
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| 2. |
- Dorling, B., et al.
(author)
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Photoinduced p- to n-type Switching in Thermoelectric Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Composites
- 2016
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In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 28:14, s. 2782-2789
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- UV-induced switching from p- to n-type character is demonstrated during deposition of carbon-nanotube–conjugated polymer composites. This opens the possibility to photopattern n-type regions within an otherwise p-type film, which has a potential for complementary circuitry or, as shown here, thermoelectric generators made from a single solution.
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| 3. |
- Locht, Inka L. M., et al.
(author)
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Standard model of the rare earths analyzed from the Hubbard I approximation
- 2016
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950. ; 94:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we examine critically the electronic structure of the rare-earth elements by use of the so-called Hubbard I approximation. From the theoretical side all measured features of both occupied and unoccupied states are reproduced, without significant deviations between observations and theory. We also examine cohesive properties like the equilibrium volume and bulk modulus, where we find, in general, a good agreement between theory andmeasurements. In addition, we have reproduced the spin and orbital moments of these elements as they are reflected from measurements of the saturation moment. We have also employed the Hubbard I approximation to extract the interatomic exchange parameters of an effective spin Hamiltonian for the heavy rare earths. We show that the Hubbard I approximation gives results which are consistent with calculations where 4f electrons are treated as core states for Gd. The latter approach was also used to address the series of the heavy/late rare earths. Via Monte Carlo simulations we obtained ordering temperatures which reproduce measurements within about 20%. We have further illustrated the accuracy of these exchange parameters by comparing measured and calculated magnetic configurations for the heavy rare earths and the magnon dispersion for Gd. The Hubbard I approximation is compared to other theories of the electronic structure, and we argue that it is superior. We discuss the relevance of our results in general and how this makes it possible to treat the electronic structure of materials containing rare-earth elements, such as permanent magnets, magnetostrictive compounds, photovoltaics, optical fibers, topological insulators, and molecular magnets.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Pankratova, M., et al.
(author)
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Heat-conserving three-temperature model for ultrafast demagnetization in nickel
- 2022
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In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 106:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multireservoir models are widely used for modeling and interpreting ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Here we introduce an alternative formulation to existing three-temperature models for the treatment of spin, electron, and lattice temperatures in magnetization dynamics simulations. In contrast to most existing models of calculations of energy transfer between reservoirs in these types of simulations, the heat distribution of the spin and lattice subsystems is evaluated during the simulation instead of being calculated a priori. The model is applied to investigate the demagnetization and remagnetization of fcc Ni, when subjected to a strong laser pulse. In particular, our model results in a fast interplay between the electron and spin subsystems which reproduces the main features of experimental data for fcc Ni significantly better than most reported three-temperature models. We also show that the way in which the electron, spin, and lattice heat capacities are described can have a significant impact on the simulated ultrafast dynamics. By introducing spin-lattice couplings in the simulation, it is shown that these explicit interactions only have a marginal impact on the magnetization dynamics of fcc Ni, albeit it is more pronounced for higher laser pulse powers.
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| 6. |
- Söderlind, P., et al.
(author)
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Prediction of the new efficient permanent magnet SmCoNiFe3
- 2017
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In: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 96:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a new efficient permanent magnet, SmCoNiFe3, which is a development of the well-known SmCo5 prototype. More modern neodymium magnets of the Nd-Fe-B type have an advantage over SmCo5 because of their greater maximum energy products due to their iron-rich stoichiometry. Our new magnet, however, removes most of this disadvantage of SmCo5 while preserving its superior high-temperature efficiency over the neodymium magnets. We show by means of first-principles electronic-structure calculations that SmCoNiFe3 has very favorable magnetic properties and could therefore potentially replace SmCo5 or Nd-Fe-B types in various applications.
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| 7. |
- Alberts, D., et al.
(author)
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In-depth profile analysis of filled alumina and titania nanostructured templates by radiofrequency glow discharge coupled to optical emission spectrometry
- 2010
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In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 396:8, s. 2833-2840
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of highly ordered and self-assembled magnetic nanostructures such as arrays of Fe or Ni nanowires and their alloys is arousing increasing interest due to the peculiar magnetic properties of such materials at the nanoscale. These nanostructures can be fabricated using nanoporous anodic alumina membranes or self-assembled nanotubular titanium dioxide as templates. The chemical characterization of the nanostructured layers is of great importance to assist the optimization of the filling procedure or to determine their manufacturing quality. Radiofrequency glow discharge (RF-GD) coupled to optical emission spectrometry (OES) is a powerful tool for the direct analysis of either conducting or insulating materials and to carry out depth profile analysis of thin layers by multi-matrix calibration procedures. Thus, the capability of RF-GD-OES is investigated here for the in-depth quantitative analysis of self-aligned titania nanotubes and self-ordered nanoporous alumina filled with arrays of metallic and magnetic nanowires obtained using the template-assisted filling method. The samples analysed in this work consisted of arrays of Ni nanowires with different lengths (from 1.2 up to 5 μm) and multilayer nanowires of alternating layers with different thicknesses (of 1-2 μm) of Ni and Au, or Au and FeNi alloy, deposited inside the alumina and titania membranes. Results, compared with other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, show that the RF-GD-OES surface analysis technique proves to be adequate and promising for this challenging application. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
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| 8. |
- Hasan, Md Nur, et al.
(author)
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Magnetism in A V3Sb5 (A=Cs, Rb, and K): Origin and Consequences for the Strongly Correlated Phases
- 2023
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 131:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The V-based kagome systems AV3Sb5 (A=Cs, Rb, and K) are unique by virtue of the intricate interplay of nontrivial electronic structure, topology, and intriguing fermiology, rendering them to be a playground of many mutually dependent exotic phases like charge-order and superconductivity. Despite numerous recent studies, the interconnection of magnetism and other complex collective phenomena in these systems has yet not arrived at any conclusion. Using first-principles tools, we demonstrate that their electronic structures, complex fermiologies and phonon dispersions are strongly influenced by the interplay of dynamic electron correlations, nontrivial spin-polarization and spin-orbit coupling. An investigation of the first-principles-derived intersite magnetic exchanges with the complementary analysis of q dependence of the electronic response functions and the electron-phonon coupling indicate that the system conforms as a frustrated spin cluster, where the occurrence of the charge-order phase is intimately related to the mechanism of electron-phonon coupling, rather than the Fermi-surface nesting.
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| 9. |
- Ivanov, M, et al.
(author)
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Unified method for measuring entropy differences between coexisting surface phases using low energy electron microscopy
- 2022
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In: Physical Review Research. - 2643-1564. ; 4:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate the ability of low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) to extract fundamental information in surface phase transitions during in situ observations of complex semiconductor surfaces. We utilize established LEEM techniques and develop a methodology that enables us to calculate the surface entropy difference using only LEEM measurements without the need for external characterization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the unified method by monitoring the phase coexistence during the first-order transition between the c(8×2) and (6×6) phases on the surface of GaAs(001) at a range of temperatures relevant for epitaxy. The coexistence behavior with temperature and the fluctuations of phase boundaries are measured and analyzed to obtain the entropy difference and stress difference between the phases. The calculated values show that the entropy difference is not large enough to stabilize the (6×6) phase with respect to the c(8×2) by itself, suggesting that the elastic relaxation during the coexistence between the two phases is necessary to stabilize the (6×6) phase.
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| 10. |
- Karmakar, Debjani, et al.
(author)
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Magnetism in A V3Sb5 (A=Cs, Rb, K): Complex landscape of dynamical magnetic textures
- 2023
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In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 108:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have investigated the dynamical magnetic properties of the V-based kagome stibnite compounds by combining the ab initio-extracted magnetic parameters of a spin-Hamiltonian, like inter-site exchange parameters, magnetocrystalline anisotropy and site projected magnetic moments, with full-fledged simulations of atomistic spin- dynamics. Our calculations reveal that, in addition to a ferromagnetic order along the [001] direction, the system hosts a complex landscape of magnetic configurations comprised of commensurate and incommensurate spin spirals along the [010] direction. The presence of such chiral magnetic textures may be the key toward solving the mystery about the origin of the experimentally observed inherent breaking of the C6 rotational, mirror, and the time-reversal symmetry.
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