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- Ahlberg, Mona, 1966-
(author)
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Being cared for in an Intensive Care Unit – family functioning and support
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When COVID-19 came as an uninvited guest into our everyday lives, nursing in intensive care was affected and thus the studies contain data from both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Before the pandemic, most intensive care units, which care for patients with critical illness in a technical setting, allowed family members to visit the patient 24 hours a day. The intensive care unit is a stressful and frightening environment for both the patient and their family. They can be affected both mentally and physically, showing symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, stress and depression. The intensive cared patient often does not remember anything from the time they were cared for in the intensive care unit, and the family needs to explain and recount this unconscious time. During the pandemic, this changed, with restrictions and limited opportunities to visit the hospital and patient due to virus outbreaks. Family members received information about the patient's medical condition by phone from a physician. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and conceptualise the family functioning of families with a family member treated in the intensive care unit. There was also an intention to describe and evaluate how an intervention affects the family and individual family members in families where a family member received intensive care.In these studies, qualitative, quantitative, as well as mixed methods were utilised. Participants were adult intensive cared patients from seven intensive care clinics, and their families. The results examined between families are based on the patient and family characteristics. The results from study I show that families who have experienced COVID-19 and with a family member who was cared for in an intensive care unit, have existential thoughts. Study II shows no major impact on family function between families, but the answers differ within the families who experienced intensive care. In study III, concerning families experiencing intensive care and attending family health conversations, there was an awareness of family function. The conversations brought the family closer together, through improved understanding of each other. In study IV family functioning, hope and sense of coherence were com-pared among the participants in two intervention groups: Family health conversations and support group conversations. Family functioning and hope were higher in the group that participated in the family health conversations and comprehensibility, meaningfulness and vitality were higher among the participants in the support group conversation. By exploring how family function affects the individual family member and the family as a unit during critical illness and intensive care, new ways of working can be strengthened in the care of patients and their families.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Exploring family functioning and - hardiness in families' experiencing adult intensive care - A cross-sectional study
- 2023
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being cared for in an intensive care unit affects both the patient being cared for and the family in various ways. The family is of great importance for the recovery of the former intensive-care patient. The aim is to explore family functioning and family hardiness in families of former intensive care patients. A cross-sectional study using two self-reported questionnaires. Former adult intensive care patients and their family were recruited to participate between December 2017 and June 2019. The data were coded and entered the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25, for analysis. To explore questionnaire data, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Scale values were calculated on, both family wise and between the patients and the family members. STROBE checklist was used. Data was collected from 60 families (60 former intensive cared patients and 85 family members) and showed that 50 families scored healthy family functioning and 52 high strengths in hardiness. The data showed small variations between and within families for family functioning and family hardiness, there were only two families scoring low for both family functioning and hardiness. The variation was higher within the families, but there was no significance level.The conclusions were that family functioning and hardiness was, to a large extent, assessed as good by the families. Nevertheless, it is important to help the family obtain information and support. So, the family need to continue to communicate, finding coping abilities and strengths in adopting new strategies to protect the family unit. The family are very important for members' mental and physical recovery as the health of one family member affects the family as a unit.
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| 3. |
- Ahlberg, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Family Health Conversations Versus Support Group Conversations When a Family Member Has Been Critically Ill : A Mixed Methods Study
- 2021
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In: Families, Systems & Health. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1091-7527 .- 1939-0602. ; 39:2, s. 293-305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: When a family member has been critically ill and cared for at an intensive care unit the individual family member as well as the family system are affected and in need of support. The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the responses from 2 different types of follow-up interventions for families of critically ill persons, focusing on individual hopes, health-related quality of life, family functioning and ability to cope with challenges.Method: Adult family members from 3 hospitals attended 1 of 2 interventions 2 months after intensive care. The family health conversation included the family. The support group conversation included just family members and not the patient who had experienced intensive care. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires and follow-up interviews with family members. Quantitative and qualitative data were first analyzed separately, and the results were then integrated through mixed methods analysis.Results: A total of 38 family members took part in the interventions. Family members in the 2 intervention groups talked about how they had more hope for the future, and about how talking within the family and the group had helped them justify their feelings, which empowered them in the transition toward a healthier quality of life. Comparisons of the interventions show a higher significance of family function and hope in the family health conversation.Discussion: The article illustrates a disparity between how family members function and the needs they have for follow-up. We discuss what kind of follow-up these persons need.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Predicting Non-Attendance: A Model of the Complex Relationships in Dental Care Non-Attendance among Adolescents in Örebro County, Sweden
- 2020
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In: SCIRP Psychology. ; 11, s. 1300-1314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Understanding why adolescents miss dental appointments is central to promoting people’s oral health into adulthood. Studies on non-attendant adolescents are rare. Method: In our previous study using data from the 2014 population-based cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren in ?rebro County, Sweden we suggested a risk-factor model for non-attendance with five components (sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, perceived life events, health behaviour, social cohesion and social capital). The present study tested the external validity of the multivariate model for all components simultaneously developed from the 2014 study using a new population-based cross- sectional survey (n = 7576) of schoolchildren in ?rebro County, Sweden 2017. Using the predicted values from the 2014-logistic regression, we computed ROC-curves for the 2014 and 2017 study populations, respectively. Results: Of the 6 304 adolescents who answered the question of attendance to dental health care and all eleven independent items in 2017, 324 (5.1%) reported that they sought dental care only for acute pain or not at all, thus regarded as non-attendant. When using the risk model based on the 2014 data for the 2017 data, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for non-attendance adolescents was 0.74 (95% CI 0.71 - 0.76). Conclusion: The present study shows that the model created from the 2014 population-based survey has excellent discriminative performance (AUC) in the 2017 population-based survey predicting non-attending adolescents. The methodology applied in this study may be useful to other health care services to develop predictive non-attending models based on their specific population.
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| 6. |
- Heikkilä, Kristiina, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Mealtime interventions and their outcomes in care homes for older people considering the five aspects meal model : An integrative review
- 2022
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In: Geriatric Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4572 .- 1528-3984. ; 47, s. 171-182
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mealtimes are important events in care homes for physical and social well-being. However, residents usually have little input concerning meal timings, what food is offered, and how it is served. This integrative review explored mealtime interventions and their outcomes in care homes related to the Five Aspects Meal Model (FAMM). Research articles published 2010–2021 were searched for in ASSIA, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SveMed+ and resulted in 13 articles focusing on interventions. The analysis was based on the aspects of FAMM: room, meeting, product, management control system, and atmosphere. The result shows that even though interventions specifically focused on one aspect, they often evaluated outcomes related to several aspects. Different aspects can work together to foster effective mealtimes. FAMM eased to visualise the usefulness of mealtime interventions from a broad perspective and can be a useful tool for assessing and improving mealtime situations in clinical practice.
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| 9. |
- Hussain, Netha, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression one year after intensive care unit admission for COVID-19
- 2024
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In: BMC PSYCHIATRY. - 1471-244X. ; 24:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundTo the best of our knowledge, the long term prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in ICU admitted individuals after COVID-19 in Sweden during the first wave of the pandemic has not been investigated. Furthermore, no studies have exclusively investigated the risk factors for experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression at one year after ICU admission for COVID-19. An additional aim was to identify any early predictors that are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, at one year following ICU admission for COVID-19.MethodsThis multicenter cohort study had a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design. The primary outcomes and dependent variables, symptoms of anxiety and depression, were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The independent variables were related to demographic factors, comorbidities, and complications during COVID-19-related ICU admission. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify any predictors of symptoms of anxiety and depression.ResultsOut of 182 eligible individuals, 105 participated in the study. Symptoms of anxiety was found in 40 (38.1%) and depression in 37 (35.2%) of the participants. Using univariable logistic regression analyses, female sex was identified as a predictor of depression as defined by HADS at one year following ICU admission for COVID-19 (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence intervals 1.01-6.34, p-value 0.048).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in ICU admitted individuals one year after COVID-19 is a public health issue of concern. Our findings imply that individuals who recovered after an ICU stay for COVID-19 may benefit from long-term follow-ups and continuous mental health support for more than a year following the ICU admission. For women specifically, this is true.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Jenny, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Anti-inflammatory effects of a titanium-peroxy gel: role of oxygen metabolites and apoptosis.
- 2004
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In: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1549-3296 .- 0021-9304 .- 1097-4636. ; 68:3, s. 448-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are among the first inflammatory cells to arrive at an implant interface, where they encounter with the foreign material and may produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the interaction between titanium and ROS, titanium-peroxy (Ti-peroxy) compounds may be formed. We used a Ti-peroxy gel, made from titanium and hydrogen peroxide, to study the effects of Ti-peroxy compounds on PMN. In the absence of serum, the Ti-peroxy gel decreased the oxidative response of PMN to yeast and PMA and reduced PMN apoptosis without inducing necrosis. These effects could not be ascribed to the release of hydrogen peroxide from the Ti-peroxy gel, because a steady-state hydrogen peroxide producing system failed to mimic the effects of the gel. The effects were similarly unaffected when PMN were preincubated with beta(2)-integrin antibodies, questioning the involvement of adhesion molecules. Nevertheless, when a filter was used to separate the Ti-peroxy gel from the cells, the gel effect on PMN life span was abolished, pointing to a contact-dependent mechanism. In the presence of serum, the Ti-peroxy gel had no effect on the PMN oxidative response and life span, but appeared rather inert. In summary, this study demonstrates that the Ti-peroxy gel has potentially anti-inflammatory properties through a combined peroxide and physical contact effect, supporting the notion that interactions between titanium and inflammatory cells are responsible for the good performance of titanium in vivo.
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