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- Mattias, Lindh, et al.
(author)
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Handbok för nordlig solel
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Solen är en för människan evig energikälla och solel har en given plats i ett framtida hållbart och förnybart energisystem – globalt och i Sverige. Kostnaden för en solelanläggning har sjunkit drastiskt de senaste åren och tillgängligheten har ökat. Det gör solel relevant utanför de regioner som har störst solinstrålning; även i norra Skandinavien är det en långsiktigt hållbar investering ur både ett energi- och ekonomiskt perspektiv.Nordlig solel har goda men annorlunda förutsättningar jämfört med de i södra Sverige och Centraleuropa. Solens position på himlen och den instrålade energin per år är lägre, det är en stor andel diffust ljus och man kan förvänta sig mer reflektioner från en snötäckt mark på vintern. På sommaren är soltimmarna fler och solens bana längre. Medeltemperaturen är betydligt lägre på årsbasis men skillnaden mot sydligare breddgrader är mindre under sommaren då instrålningen är stor. En annan avgörande faktor är snö som under stora delar av året i norr täcker marken och potentiellt solelanläggningar. Om snötäckningen kan begränsas till de mörkaste månaderna blir årseffekterna på energiproduktionen små, men snölaster ställer höga krav på solelanläggningars kvalitet, både ur installations- och komponentperspektiv.Genom att beakta följande fem rekommendationer kan man minska risken för problem:1. Undersök snöförhållandena på platsen innan installation. Anläggningsägaren vet ofta bäst var snön brukar ansamlas och när den smälter bort eller glider av.2. Säkerställ att installationen är genomtänkt ur ett snöperspektiv. En noggrann kontroll av att installationen följer leverantörernas anvisningar är extra viktigt när förhållandena är krävande.3. Välj robusta moduler och fästanordningar – en solelanläggning ska hålla i många år och bör utformas för att klara lokala snöförhållanden.4. Utforma om möjligt anläggningen så att snöröjning inte krävs. Röj (varsamt) undan snö från anläggningen om det trots det blir nödvändigt: för att undvika takras, skydda solelanläggningen mot tryck- och glidskador från ett tjockt snötäcke och för att möjliggöra elproduktion från tidig vår.5. Montera modulerna med rätt orientering. Söderläge och så hög lutning som möjligt upp till om kring 50° (i Piteå) är generellt bäst. Ofta är man begränsad av takets utformning men även avvikelser från söder mot öst eller väst och mindre lutningar kan ge ett acceptabelt energiutbyte.Huvudregeln bör vara att: Montera solceller där solinstrålningen är stor men snö inte ansamlas!
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Granlund, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Local Conditions and Their Impact on Bifacial PV Performance at High Latitude
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different conditions such as module orientation, ground albedo, shading and latitude are known to affect the performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules. We evaluate bifacial performance for one year at a site located at 65°N through comparison of measured and simulated front and back side plane-of-array irradiation. Each investigated module has a different azimuth, tilt, and exposure to shading from the surroundings. Local shading is found to severely impact the energy yield of the site in general, and individual modules to a varying degree depending on their location and orientation. Proper shading analysis appears to be required in the planning phase of a bifacial photovoltaic installation to accurately calculate the expected energy yield. The bifacial gain of the modules with azimuths in the east–west sector is found to span a range from 16 % to approximately the bifaciality factor, depending on the orientation. To fully utilize the potential of bifacial photovoltaics, this variability also needs to be carefully considered when planning and building bifacial photovoltaic installations.
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| 4. |
- Granlund, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Snow Removal Methods for Rooftop Photovoltaics
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Avoiding snow on photovoltaic (PV) installations is motivated for two reasons: to decrease power losses from shading, or to decrease mechanical loads to avoid damage to the PV-installation and the underlying construction. We experimentally investigated the effectiveness and suitability of four different snow removal methods at our facility in the north of Sweden (Piteå, 65°N), throughout three winters. The layout of a PV installation and the underlying roof, together with meteorological conditions and snow characteristics, impact which methods are best suited for snow removal. A simple roof rake with a rectangular toolhead works well when the snowpack is compact and not too thick, whereas a roof rake with a slide works better when the snow is dry and packed. Neither the investigated passive hydrophobic surface coatings, nor the active forward bias electrical heating methods induced shedding of the accumulated snowpack in our experiments without additional intervention. At our test facility in Piteå, the roof rake with a slide was the most effective and user-friendly snow removal. Despite maximum snow loads of approximately 1 kPa, far below the modules’ rating, cell damage was observed for both snow removal groups (except for the slide roof rake group) and the control group.
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| 5. |
- Granlund, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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The Influence of Module Tilt on Snow Shadowing of Frameless Bifacial Modules
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study, frameless bifacial modules’ performance in a boreal climate is examined, with a focus on snow coverage and snow clearance for different module tilt angles. A group of ten bifacial modules at different tilt angles located in northern Sweden at latitude 65°N were studied during the first months of 2019. It was shown that modules mounted at 0 and 15° tilt was covered the most by snow and 80 and 90° the least. All other modules, mounted at 25-70° tilt, showed mostly similar results in snow coverage and removal. All modules were subjected to snow coverage from January to March. In January no considerable energy output was observed for any module. In February and March modules with tilt angles of 0 and 15° had a lower energy output than the other modules, for which no considerable differences were observed. In April, when no snow coverage occurred, the module mounted at 45° had the largest energy output and in May, 25-35° performed the best. For the entire period of January-May the modules at 35-45° output the most energy.
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| 6. |
- Lindh, E. Mattias, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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7.9 SWEDEN: RISE bifacial test site in Piteå
- 2021
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In: Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules and Systems: Experience and Results from International Research and Pilot Applications. - : INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. - 9783907281031 ; , s. 143-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The name of the bifacial test site, Solvåg (Sunwave), reflects the design of the solar array, which winds across a grass field surrounded by pine trees; the azimuth and inclination of the solar modules vary along the array (see Figure 95). The solar park is municipality owned through the local power company, PiteEnergi, and located at the Piteå School of Music (65.3° N, 21.5° E) in the subarctic, coastal part of Sweden. The site is the result of a regional collaboration between PiteEnergi, Norut, Luleå University of Technology, and Piteå Science Park, and it was inaugurated by the Swedish Minister for Energy in July 2018. The Solvåg solar park is integrated into the city landscape and includes a wooden boardwalk along the modules to encourage the public to visit the site. The site’s blend of solar research (through RISE) and architectural design is reflected in the custom-made wooden mounting racks.
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| 7. |
- Petersson, Anna Malou, et al.
(author)
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Applying action design research (ADR) to develop concept generation and selection methods
- 2016
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 50, s. 222-227
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During conceptual design, concept generation and selection methods can be used to facilitate the generation of new ideas and the selection of the most promising suggestions. The present paper is an effort to understand better how action design research can be utilized to develop such methods. Using action design research, methods were developed through iterative cycles of building, testing and evaluation in the context of a deregulated railway market, through a close collaboration between actors from industry, a government agency and academia. The approach was found to be feasible and to provide generalization of the context-specific findings through the formulation of design principles.
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| 8. |
- Petersson, Anna Malou
(author)
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Collaborative conceptual design methods in the context of the Swedish deregulated railway market : From the perspectives of maintenance, infrastructure management, product provision, and research
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As a result of the deregulation of the Swedish railway market, the differentfunctions involved during the life cycle of railway products have been spreadout over different actors. The trigger for the work presented in this thesis wasthe insight that, since function-specific knowledge of the railway in Swedenbelongs to different organizations, special efforts would be needed to achieve aholistic picture of a railway product during the conceptual design phase. However,there is a lack of methods developed for groups with participants fromdifferent organizations possessing different functional knowledge about a product.The overall aim of the research for this thesis was therefore to develop anideation method and a concept selection method specifically for groups actingin the context of the Swedish deregulated railway market, with members fromdifferent organizations with different functional knowledge. By means of actiondesign research, the methods were developed within the scope of a researchproject involving four different actors on the Swedish railway market.The project group tested Method 635, the gallery method and the SIL method.Overall, the gallery method was most popular and the SIL method leastpopular among the participants. Method 635 was found to have a considerablyhigher idea and concept generation rate than the gallery and SIL methods.The developed ideation method combines the rotational viewing of generatedideas in the group and gallery viewing with steps of verbal interaction wherethe group members take turns to present and comment on generated ideas. Theproject group regarded the developed method as the best method of all themethods which they had tried, and it outperformed the other methods with regardto the total number of generated concepts and ideas. The views of the projectgroup on the method correlated positively to the views of participants takingpart in field tests of the method.The developed concept selection method combines refined versions of theprocedures for topic clarification, goal specification, requirement specificationand concept screening developed by Pahl and Beitz with a concept scoring procedurebased on the life cycle and societal costs associated with each conceptthat fulfils the stated requirements.The most important effect of the composition of the group was found to bethe wide range of viewpoints on the topic at hand that the representative groupof different relevant actors was able to provide.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Petersson, Anna Malou, et al.
(author)
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Developing an ideation method to be used in cross-functional inter-organizational teams by means of action design research
- 2018
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In: Research in Engineering Design. - : Springer. - 0934-9839 .- 1435-6066. ; 29:3, s. 433-457
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using ideation methods in an optimal way has a great potential to increase the number of ideas which a team can contribute during the conceptual phase of product development in industry. Previous studies on ideation methods have been mainly statistical studies in a laboratory setting. In the present study, however, the aim was to develop tailor-made ideation methods in a specific context, among actors on a deregulated railway market, through close interaction between researchers and engineers in a real-world context. Considering previous relevant research on ideation methods, associative memory models and the findings from tests of established ideation methods performed in the same group, a number of preliminary design principles were formulated and implemented in an ideation method that combines individual phases of rotational and gallery viewing with phases of verbal group interaction. The method was tested and refined in a cross-functional inter-organizational group comprising participants from different actors in the railway sector. Besides its provision of qualitative and quantitative test results, the present study has considered the opinions of the participants in detail, which can give important insights into the factors determining whether such a method will be implemented in industry. The participants found the method to be more useful and to generate more ideas that could be used in practice compared to the established ideation methods which they had tried. The learning derived from the specific case was formalized into a number of design principles for ideation methods to be used in cross-functional inter-organizational groups.
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