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- Andersson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Med värme ihågkommen
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta projekt har varit att med hjälp av en intervjustudie och kunskapsgenomgång redovisahur utomhusmiljö, gemensamhetslokaler och bostäder kan utformas för att minska risken för att äldreoch personer med nedsatt funktionsförmåga blir medtagna eller dör i förtid under värmeböljor. Måletär att öka medvetenheten och intresset för anpassning av miljö och byggnader hos personer ansvarigaför samhällsplanering, bostadsbestånd, trygghets-, vård- och omsorgsboenden.Städer är normalt varmare och mindre blåsiga än det omgivande landskapet. Städernas ”varmareklimat” beror främst på den större värmelagring som kan ske i byggnader, gator, trottoarer mm,begränsat med vegetation som kan skugga och avge fukt samt aktiviteter som trafik och eldning vilketgenererar värme. Under värmeböljor ökar dödligheten mer i städer. Att leva ensam, vara sängbundenoch bo på översta våningen har visats vara riskfaktorer.Åtgärderna för att minska stadens värmeö och värmeböljornas effekter på människor brukar iblanddelas in i ”mjuka åtgärder” (information, varningssystem för värmeböljor, insatser för känsligagrupper), ”gröna åtgärder” (göra staden till en grönare miljö) och ”tekniska åtgärder” (skuggandekonstruktioner, modifiering av väggar, kylning/luftkonditionering inomhus etc.), vilka kompletterarvarandra. I vissa länder, bl. a. England, ska äldreboenden ha ett samlingsrum som kan hållas svaltäven under värmeböljor, men det är oklart vilken juridisk status som bestämmelserna har.Intervjustudien syftade till att belysa hur problemen uppfattas av personal inom äldreomsorgen iSverige. Som datainsamlingsmetod genomfördes 20 semistrukturerade intervjuer medomvårdnadspersonal i Botkyrka kommun under oktober 2011. Urvalet baserades påtillgänglighetsprincipen. Innehållsanalyser gjordes på transkriberad intervjudata och kategorier ochunderkategorier skapades utifrån återkommande teman som återfanns i texten. Slutsatserna frånstudien pekar på att de utbildnings- och informationsinsatser angående värmeböljors effekter påkänsliga grupper som riktas till personal inom äldreomsorgen borde intensifieras, samt attpersonalens kunskap om verksamheten och vårdtagarnas behov borde tas tillvara redan iplaneringsstadiet för äldreboenden.
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| 4. |
- Conaway, H Herschel, et al.
(författare)
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Retinoids inhibit differentiation of hematopoietic osteoclast progenitors.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The FASEB journal. - Bethesda, Md. : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 23:10, s. 3526-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether vitamin A promotes skeletal fragility, has no effect on fracture rate, or protects against bone loss is unclear. In the present study, effects of retinoids on osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs), bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by analyzing osteoclast formation and expression of genes important in signal transduction and osteoclast function. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) did not stimulate osteoclastogenesis in BMCs, but inhibited hormone and RANKL-induced gene expression and formation of osteoclasts. In BMMs, spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells, osteoclast differentiation and formation stimulated by M-CSF/RANKL were inhibited (IC(50) = 0.3 nM) by ATRA. The effect was exerted at an early step of RANKL-induced differentiation. ATRA also abolished increases of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFAT2 stimulated by RANKL and suppressed down-regulation of the antiosteoclastogenic transcription factor MafB. By comparing effects of several compounds structurally related to ATRA, as well as by using receptor antagonists, evaluation pointed to inhibition being mediated by RARalpha, with no involvement of PPARbeta/delta. The results suggest that activation of RARalpha by retinoids in myeloid hematopoietic precursor cells decreases osteoclast formation by altering expression of the transcription factors c-Fos, NFAT2, and MafB.
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| 6. |
- Fransén, Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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CRP levels are significantly associated with CRP genotype and estrogen use in The Lifestyle, Biomarker and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The C‑reactive protein (CRP) is an important biomarker for atherosclerosis and single nucleotide poly‑morphisms (SNPs) in the CRP locus have been associated with altered CRP levels and associated with risk for cardio‑vascular disease. However, the association between genetic variations in the CRP gene, estrogen use and CRP levels orearly signs of atherosclerosis in young healthy individuals is not fully characterized. We aimed to evaluate the influ‑ence of five genetic variants on both plasma CRP levels and carotid intima‑media thickness (cIMT) values, includingaspects on estrogen containing contraceptive use in females.Methods: Genotyping was performed with TaqMan real time PCR and compared with high sensitivity CRP serumlevels in 780 Swedish young, self‑reported healthy individuals. Haplotypes of the SNPs were estimated with the PHASEv 2.1. The cIMT was measured by 12 MHz ultrasound. The contraceptive use was self‑reported.Results: Strong associations between CRP and genotype were observed for rs3091244, rs1800947, rs1130864, andrs1205 in women (all p < 0.001). In men, only rs1800947 was associated with CRP (p = 0.029). The independent effectof genotypes on CRP remained significant also after adjustment for established risk factors. Female carriers of the H1/ATGTG haplotype had higher CRP than non‑carriers. This was specifically pronounced in the estrogen‑using group(p < 0.001), and they had also higher cIMT (p = 0.002) than non‑carriers but with a small cIMT difference between thehaplotype groups (0.02 mm). In parallel, a significant correlation between CRP and cIMT in the estrogen using groupwas observed (r = 0.194; p = 0.026).Conclusions: Estrogen use, genotypes and haplotypes in the CRP locus are significantly associated with CRP levels.Based on an observed interaction effect between sex/estrogen use and the H1/ATGTG haplotype on CRP, and amarginally thicker cIMT in the estrogen using group, our data suggest that both genotypes and estrogen usage couldbe involved in arterial wall structural differences. The causality between CRP levels and cIMT remains unclear, and theobserved difference in cIMT is not clinically relevant in the present state. Future larger and longitudinal studies mayshed further light on the role of more long‑term estrogen use and early atherosclerosis.
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| 7. |
- Granebring, Annika, 1959-
(författare)
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SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE : AN INNOVATION PROCESS PERSPECTIVE
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In traditional information systems for the grocery retail trade, the different parts are strongly dependent of each other. Should one function change, the whole system must be rebuilt which is expensive and time consuming. The result is that many necessary process improvements are never done. Case company, a Nordic retail software vendor, in 2004 summarized what they regarded as a ‘cul-de-sac’. Building distributed store systems in which the same data appears in several places, creates a complexity which increases with new functions and which eventually becomes obstructive.The aim of this thesis is to attain a deeper understanding of service-oriented architecture (SOA) in order to increase and maintain personal treatment of the customers, while fulfilling business demands of changes and integration in enterprise systems. The aim is operationalised by one overall research question and seven sub-research questions.To answer the research questions, a longitudinal case study and a survey study were performed. Innovation theory is applied to the SOA adoption process.This thesis is composed of a series of seven articles, through different perspectives, with an innovation diffusion approach. The first offers lessons learned by a retail software provider and the role of the customer. The second article states SOA is to be a driver for personalization, i.e. different customers are treated differently. The third is about SOA being a driver for distributed decision support. The fourth describes a study on how to measure the effects certified solution architects have on business. The fifth article deals with enterprise architecture frameworks in practice. The sixth is mainly a literary study describing SOA maturity models. The sevenths article is devoted to a review of why the case company chose SOA as a foundation for their new generation of retail systems. SOA must show compatibility with existing mission critical systems, or the adoption may be blocked. Reinvention of the architectural framework eases SOA adoption.Implications for practice, is discussed, outlining, both, the great risks and the great opportunities. This thesis states that business driven SOA helps to manage full business processes and permit access to in-house and external systems.
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| 8. |
- Hedayati, Ali, 1984-
(författare)
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Ash transformation in thermochemical conversion of different biomass resources with special focus on phosphorus
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A great potential exists for increasing the use of bioenergy in thermochemical processes by utilizing agricultural biomass, forest residues, and sewage sludge that have high availability. Many of these biomass assortments have high ash contents with relatively high concentrations of ash-forming elements such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P). These elements can, during thermal conversion, cause several ash-related problems, such as deposit formation, slagging, and particle emissions. In particular, P has been found to play a vital role in such ash-related problems even at relatively low concentrations. In addition, ashes obtained from these biomass assortments could be an important source of valuable elements such as P and K. Therefore, detailed knowledge about the ash transformation and fate of P during thermal conversion of these opportunity biomass resources is of immense importance to mitigate ash-related problems and to recover valuable nutrient elements from the ash. The overall objective of this work was to determine the ash transformation and fate of P during single-pellet and fixed-bed combustion/gasification of different opportunity biomass fuels in the process temperature range of 600-1250°C. Different agricultural biomasses (poplar, wheat straw, grass, and wheat grain residues), forest residues (bark and twigs), and sewage sludge (pure and in mixtures with agricultural residues) were used. These fuels cover a wide range of overall ash compositions and different chemical associations of P in the fuel. The bark and poplar represent fuels rich in K and Ca with minor P content. The wheat straw, grass, and twigs represent typical Si- and K-rich fuels with minor to moderate P contents. The wheat grain residues (WGR) represent typical K- and P-rich fuels with a significant amount of Mg. The produced residual materials, i.e., char, different ash fractions and fine flue gas particles, were morphologically and chemically characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, and ion chromatography. The interpretation of the results was supported by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. For all fuels, a major part of the P (> 80%) was found in coarse ash fractions because the studied process conditions favored the formation of stable condensed phosphates. The thermal conversion atmosphere (i.e., gasification/combustion) only caused small effects on the P release and the speciation of the P-compounds formed. Ash transformation pathways generally lead to the formation of orthophosphates (PO43-) such as Ca5(PO₄)3(OH), CaKPO4, and Ca3(PO4)2 with the partial substitution of Ca by some cation forming elements (Fe, Mg, and/or K), as the main P containing crystalline phases. Crystalline pyrophosphate (P2O74-) compounds were also found in the residual ashes from the seed-based fuel (WGR), where P originates from phytate in the biomass. For the fuels containing a certain (sufficient) amount of Si, orthophosphates interact with silicate phases to form both amorphous and crystalline phosphosilicates. For the sewage sludge mixtures, a surplus of available K was needed to form K-bearing phosphates due to side reactions of K with Si and Al. The chemical form of P in the formed ash residues is thus strongly dependent on both the type of P association in the fuel and the relative concentrations of other major ash-forming elements, such as K, Ca, Si, and Al. For the fuels with a high (Ca+Mg)/P molar ratio (AER), i.e., for the typical wood-derived fuels bark and poplar, hydroxyapatite was the main P-containing crystalline phase found in the ash. For the studied fuels/fuel mixtures with moderate AER and a high (K+Na)/(Si+Al) molar ratio (AR), e.g., twigs, grass, wheat straw, and sewage sludge with high mixtures of agricultural residues, there was also a possibility to form alkali-bearing phosphates such CaKPO4 and K-Mg whitlockite, besides hydroxyapatite. Since these fuels contain a high amount of Si, the P can be found in both amorphous phases, i.e. phosphosilicate, and Si substituted crystalline phases, i.e. Ca10(SiO4)x(PO4)6-XOH2-x and Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6. For fuels with moderate AER and low AR, e.g., pure sewage sludge and sewage sludge with low mixtures of agricultural residues, K-bearing phosphates were not formed. Instead, P was found in phases such as whitlockite and phosphosilicates. For the WGR fuel with relatively low AER and high AR, K-bearing phosphates were formed in the ashes, where the P was found in crystalline K-Mg/Ca pyrophosphates and K-Mg orthophosphate, as well as amorphous K-Mg-Ca phosphates. The produced knowledge can potentially be used to, e.g., i) suggest efficient measures to mitigate ash-related problems associated with P during thermochemical conversion of opportunity biomass fuels, ii) suggest potential pathways to form plant-available phosphates directly in the thermal conversion process to enable recovery of P and K from the obtained ashes, and iii) find optimal thermal conversion process conditions to obtain bio charcoals that are suitable as alternative fuels and reducing agents in the metallurgical industry.
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| 9. |
- Holm, Johan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsgivaren och den organisatoriska arbetsmiljön. Arbetsbelastning, juridiskt ansvar och upplevda problem
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 25:1, s. 49-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arbetsgivares juridiska ansvar för arbetsmiljö och ett hållbart arbete återfinns i en mängd olika bestämmelser av varierande karaktär, samt i domar och beslut från Arbetsmiljöverket, vilket inte underlättar vare sig överskådlighet och förståelse av regelverkets innebörd. Avsikten är att i den här artikeln dels analysera arbetsgivares juridiska ansvar för arbetstagares arbetsbelastning inom arbetsmiljörätten, dels undersöka hur problem med arbetsbelastning upplevs samt om, och i så fall hur, dessa problem hanteras inom såväl manligt och kvinnligt dominerade arbetsplatser som inom privat och offentlig verksamhet.
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