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- Frithiof, Elisabet, 1949-
(författare)
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Mening, makt och utbildning : Delaktighetens villkor för personer med utvecklingsstörning
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis discusses issues concerning participation for children and young people, educated in special schools for pupils with learning disability, LD. The overall purpose of this doctoral thesis is to elucidate the preconditions of participation for persons with LD, in past and present times. A further purpose is to look into how ideas belonging to persons with LD relate to the social categorisation of LD, especially in the sphere of education. How has this category been established up to our time? Nowadays, which ontological and epistemological conceptualisation and which stance on society do persons with LD express in a first-person perspective? What can persons with LD expect of other persons, knowledge and society?Two young people with LD, called Elin and Blomman, told their life-stories with focus on those years they spent in special school. To this effect, thirteen tape-recorded interviews were conducted, constituting the empirical data. A Foucaultian model was applied in the analysis of their life-stories, which were then interpreted in a hermeneutic way of understanding. The first-person perspective of what it means to live with LD appears to be complicated and full of contradictions. Time spent in school included, after all, meaningful education in terms of challenges, traditional knowledge of subject matter, socialising and moments of happiness. However, Blomman also demands existential knowledge. He wants to arrive at an understanding of his difficult life."Good-enough-for-disabled-persons”-thinking by others is obvious. The results also demonstrate that participation in social networks gives support and serves as a sounding board. Elin and Blomman relate with a blend of both closeness and distance to others in special school, which is attended by both ”the disabled” and ”those who sit in a wheelchair”. Blomman agrees with the fact, that ”fully grown-ups” decide upon certain things. He has not yet taken upon himself the role of being grown up. Yet, he has a good grasp of his own shortcomings. Elin looks upon herself as a competent and successful relationship-builder. Persons with LD try to understand what it means to be disabled. They seek to understand themselves and they themselves in social relations to others, exactly as everybody else. According to Blomman, there is nothing wrong with his personality. By uttering these words he offers teachers and providers of education and many others, an exciting train of thought.
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| 2. |
- Knutes, Helen, 1961-
(författare)
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Gestaltandets pedagogik : Om att skapa konsthantverk
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why, and what does it involve for an individual to perform Arts and Crafts, are the questions studied in this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the pedagogical conditions of Arts and Crafts objects, through studying the processes that take place where people give form to personal expressions and to understand the meanings these processes have for them. Phenomenological theory, especially the theory of the lived body, which presents the body as a unity not separated into body and thought, with object and subject in an inter-relationship, is used as a theoretical standpoint throughout the thesis. A phenomenological and a semiotic approach have been used to analyse and describe the empirical data. This thesis consists of three different studies, the examination of a place where Arts and Crafts are performed, the study of people's experiences of creating Arts and Crafts objects, and finally how people relate to their chosen Art and Craft materials. This contributes to an understanding of the pedagogical conditions and processes present in their relationship to work materials. The analysis illustrates that an opportunity for a new level of understanding is reached when particular pedagogical processes are carried out whilst working with various forms of Arts and Crafts materials. These processes understood as pedagogical conditions consist of: time and pace, physical and mental environment, materialization, the object and experience. Another finding is that there are different ways of relating to the Arts and Crafts materials, a bodily relation or a cognitive relation. These ways of relating exist in one person, but one of these relating attitudes is often more salient than the other. Making Arts and Crafts is in this thesis seen as an activity of both bodily and cognitive meaning making.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Aspán, Margareta, 1965-
(författare)
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Delade meningar : Om värdepedagogiska invitationer för barns inflytande och inkännande
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two studies efforts to enhance children’s possibilities to participate and to improve the school as a social meeting place are followed. The first focuses on a three year project, aimed to work out new forms for pupils (grades 6-9) to participate in the school organization. The second study follows younger children (grades 1-5) in specific lessons where social dilemmas are discussed and solved, which can be characterized as social and emotional learning. Both studies concern the school’s option to handle the child fostering to individual actors, their independence and ability to take part through ’self-expression’, and at the same time instill the society’s ‘common value system’. By following pedagogical interventions by participant observations and interviews, it appears that there is little interest to let the children get involved out of their own questions and problem definitions. In the participation project it appears that children often are rather strictly directed by adults, and they are not so often let to use their critical and reflective thinking. In the second study each exercise is scrutinized for what it affords the children. Also these results show that the underlying intentions are not to create pedagogical conditions that support communication that involves the children’s own perspectives and interests, in an ‘exploratory’ speech in learning about one’s self, about the other and the world. The children’s resistance to perform properly can be seen as a way to recapture some of their autonomy to break the ‘ritualized' communication. In both studies children’s use of a field of free action is restricted. The interventions are analyzed through the concept of intersubjectivity and of child perspective. I conclude that the basis for why and how these efforts are done can be seen in a cultural childhood narrative: they are in certain aspects seen as ‘not yets’ despite the late modern emphasis on competence and responsibility.
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| 5. |
- Englundh, Elizabeth, 1953-
(författare)
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Folkrätt för barn som pedagogiskt åtagande : Statligt ansvar - regionalt lärande?
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the problem of learning processes in an organization that has decided to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It is based on an assumption that there is interdependency between learning about the CRC and its implementation. The aim is to understand the conditions for individual learning and group learning in the organization. The empirical material consists of 52 interviews, notes and written material from the UN, the Swedish government, and regional levels. The research design is qualitative and the method used is abduction and retroduction. Sensitizing concepts have also been used. The regional context is a county council which has decided to implement the CRC by educating a "pilot-group", and whose task will be to integrate the CRC in the organization. The theoretical frame is mainly constructivistic; learning is an "inside-out" process. It is the individual who does the learning, but these individuals meet in the pilot-group and create knowledge based on their own experiences. The most significant results point out that learning about the CRC is a prerequisite for implementation. Once the individuals have learned about the CRC and how to understand and interpret its implicantions, they also know what has to be done in the administration in order to speed upp and secure implementation. Other important results show how the individuals act depending on to their position in the organization. The administration directors show passive resistence by not including the question on the agenda. The operations managers show active resistence by not taking the CRC into consideration in their contracts "because then you have to show what you have accomplished".
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| 6. |
- Hällström, Catharina, 1953-
(författare)
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Insändare i Kamratposten : Uttryck för villkor i barns kulturella sammanhang
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to elevate children's conditions as they are expressed in the specific genre of letters to the editor column. The empirical material consists of 1054 child writer contributions in the children's magazine 'Kamratposten' 1977-2007. In the thesis the letters to the editor column is considered to constitute a social place wherein a meeting occurs between ideas, norms and values from children's culture and culture for children, creating conditions for how the children writers express themselves. It concerns conditions the children experience, interpret and reproduce from their daily lives, as well as conditions formed by different editors in a magazine for children. Drawing on a theoretical framework of semiotics and culture pedagogy in combination with a methodological approach of hermeneutics and abduction, the concepts 'develomental task' and 'affordance' were initially used to interpret data. During the interpreting process two main phenomena have been conceptualised as prominent conditions in children's everyday life: Belonging and Place. The abductive method used in the study revealed how the dialectics of belonging and place as conditional phenomena create feelings of discomfort, as well as feelings of pleasure. The results show that these feelings are mainly due to a sense of belonging in families, peer groups and romantic relations. The results also illustrate that belonging and place concerns more than being part of different social and cultural settings. It concerns feelings of real participation and involvment, of taking part, in family life and social interaction with peers, girlfriends and boyfriends. The children's written contributions reveal that belonging and place are issues of vital democratic quality in their daily life and world.
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| 7. |
- Hessle, Marie, 1943-
(författare)
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Ensamkommande men inte ensamma : Tioårsuppföljning av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarns livsvillkor och erfarenheter som unga vuxna i Sverige
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The primary aim of the study was to develop knowledge about how unaccompanied asylum-seeking children manage their life circumstances and challenges after being granted a residence permit and maturing into adulthood in Sweden. A second aim was to develop knowledge about the life circumstances of these children in their respective countries of origin, the motives behind their flight to Sweden, the means by which they came to Sweden. The thesis is a ten-year follow-up study. The first set of data is clinical in nature: 100 unaccompanied children were interviewed shortly after their arrival. Ten years later a register study was made of these now young adults. The research group was now reduced to the 68 young adults who remained in Sweden after receiving their permanent resident permits. Twenty of them were chosen for a qualitative interview by means of strategic sampling. The unaccompanied asylum-seeking children who, ten years after becoming permanent residents, remained in Sweden have become established in a favourable life situation as young adults. The process of becoming established in Sweden from the stressing conditions in the country of origin is marked by both risks and possibilities that occur in periodical sequences in the life course of the unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. The children/youths may have come alone, but they did not remain alone. A majority were taken in hand by relatives in Sweden who were links to the family’s transnational network. The other children who had no family with which to reunite sought to establish transnational links on their own. A transnational perspective can shed light on how these young adults have created cross-national networks and this appears to have been of decisive importance for their socialisation and favourable establishment in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Michélsen, Elin, 1943-
(författare)
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Kamratsamspel på småbarnsavdelningar
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study the interaction that occurs among one- and two-year-olds in preschool. Today there are many toddlers in Swedish preschools but few Swedish studies of the interaction among children of this preschool age.Existing research on the interaction of toddlers, children’s culture and child-child socialization has been used as background.A qualitative method has been used to describe the content and form of the interaction. Data has been gathered using video observations from five toddler units on twelve occasions. The interaction sequences have been analysed as to content, expression of emotion, duration, age-related factors, gender and the number of children involved.The interaction mood, joy and conflict have been noted. The interaction process in the long sequences has been particularly described and analysed.The results show that interaction often begins around an active child. The animated behavior of a peer is discussed as social affordance for other children. The interaction mood is most often supportive and interest is the most predominant emotion. In the interaction sequences, joy is mostly expressed in connection with big body movements. The children also express joy when something turns out unexpected, rowdy or surprising. Conflicts are brief and relatively few. The interaction process in the long sequences is characterized by creativity, common understanding and positive affects.The mutual creating and understanding that characterizes some of the interaction sequences allow for these to be considered expressions of children’s culture. The interaction where children imitate, adapt and coordinate themselves to each other can furthermore be considered peer socialization. In common activities when practicing interaction norms they learn about what counts in peer interaction. Experiences of a supportive or rejecting interaction mood is also regarded as crucial for the child’s self image in the role as peer.
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