| 1. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Intra-individual variability in state anxiety and self-confidence in elite golfers
- 2004
-
In: Journal of Sport Behavior. - : University of South Alabama. - 0162-7341. ; 27:3, s. 277-290
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precompetition anxiety levels are assumed to moderate athletic performance. Unfortunately, cross-sectional and nomothetic research designs have often shown non-significant findings; intra-individual variability may be a contributing factor. The extent of variability in precompetition anxiety and self-confidence responses as related to golf performance and trait measures were therefore examined using an idiographic approach. Individual patterns of variability were found for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence scores yielded prior to the games played. Variability in Somatic Anxiety was significantly related to variability in golf performance. Players low in anxiety variability scored significantly higher on Private Self-Consciousness. The findings suggest the influence of anxiety and self-confidence on performance may be better understood when trait characteristics of the individual are also considered.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kenttä, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
Training practices and overtraining syndrome in Swedish age-group athletes.
- 2001
-
In: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 22:6, s. 460-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heavy training in combination with inadequate recovery actions can result in the overtraining/staleness syndrome and burnout. Even young and aspiring elite athletes develop staleness. The aim was therefore to determine the incidence and nature of staleness, and its association with training behavior and psychosocial stressors in young elite athletes. A sample of 272 individuals from 16 sports completed questionnaires on training, staleness, and psychosocial stress and 37% reported being stale at least once. The incidence rate was higher for individual sports (48%) compared with team (30%) and less physically demanding sports (18%). Stale athletes reported greater perceptual changes and negatively elevated mood scores in comparison to healthy athletes. Staleness was distinguished from burnout on the basis of motivational consequences; 41 % of the athletes lost their motivation for training, which in turn indicates a state of burnout. Further, 35 % of the athletes reported low satisfaction with time spent on important relationships, 29% rated the relationship with their coach as ranging from very, very bad to only moderately good. The results indicate that staleness is a widespread problem among young athletes in a variety of sports, and is not solely related to physical training, but also to non-training stressors.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lundqvist, Carolina, et al.
(author)
-
Directional anxiety responses in elite and sub-elite young athletes : Intensity of anxiety symptoms matter
- 2011
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 21:6, s. 853-862
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective was to examine the differences in anxiety ratings of elite and sub‐elite athletes when the relationship between intensity and direction scores of anxiety ratings is considered in analyses. Participants were 31 junior elite (Mean age: 17.7, SD=1.1) and 53 sub‐elite (Mean age: 17.5, SD=1.1) cross country skiers and swimmers who completed the direction modified CSAI‐2R before important competitions. Results showed that elite athletes rated a higher percent of items as facilitative to their performance whereas sub‐elite athletes rated a higher percent of items as debilitative. No significant differences between the elite and sub‐elite samples were displayed regarding rated direction scores of cognitive or somatic anxiety at moderate to high‐intensity levels. A significant difference in facilitative anxiety ratings was displayed at a low anxiety intensity level (Z=−2.20, P<0.05). Outcome performance data showed no consistent congruence with athletes' anxiety direction ratings. The findings suggest that facilitative direction scores are a consequence of low anxiety intensity, possibly combined with high self‐confidence levels. Directional anxiety researchers analyzing separate total scores of intensity and direction respectively, which is the traditional approach, may draw incorrect conclusions about the importance of facilitative ratings of anxiety symptoms.
|
|
