| 1. |
- Ddamba Kibuuka, Joshua, et al.
(author)
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Urban Decision-making and Expert Integration
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this Deliverable 2.2 on Urban Decision-making and Expert Integration is to provide an overview of existing approaches, processes, tools and techniques to urban decision-making, and the usage of expert knowledge as well as data and more and more ‘big data’ to support decisions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Møller, Ian Max, et al.
(author)
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Matrix Redox Physiology Governs the Regulation of Plant Mitochondrial Metabolism through Posttranslational Protein Modifications
- 2020
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In: The Plant cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 32:3, s. 573-594
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitochondria function as hubs of plant metabolism. Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP, but it is also a central high-capacity electron sink required by many metabolic pathways that must be flexibly coordinated and integrated. Here, we review the crucial roles of redox-associated posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) in mitochondrial metabolic regulation. We discuss several major concepts. First, the major redox couples in the mitochondrial matrix (NAD, NADP, thioredoxin, glutathione, and ascorbate) are in kinetic steady state rather than thermodynamic equilibrium. Second, targeted proteomics have produced long lists of proteins potentially regulated by Cys oxidation/thioredoxin, Met-SO formation, phosphorylation, or Lys acetylation, but we currently only understand the functional importance of a few of these PTMs. Some site modifications may represent molecular noise caused by spurious reactions. Third, different PTMs on the same protein or on different proteins in the same metabolic pathway can interact to fine-tune metabolic regulation. Fourth, PTMs take part in the repair of stress-induced damage (e.g., by reducing Met and Cys oxidation products) as well as adjusting metabolic functions in response to environmental variation, such as changes in light irradiance or oxygen availability. Finally, PTMs form a multidimensional regulatory system that provides the speed and flexibility needed for mitochondrial coordination far beyond that provided by changes in nuclear gene expression alone.
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| 4. |
- Neuschmid, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Integrated urban data visualising and decision-making framework
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The work package (WP) 2 on Basic Exploration, Stakeholder Studies and Requirement Analysis created the scientific fundament of the project and produced essential knowledge for the conceptualisation of UrbanData2Decide. Task 2.5 brought together the previous research results and elaborated an integrated research model as well as a stakeholder requirements catalogue with first use case scenarios. In this integrated deliverable previous results of WP2 were combined to define a first blueprint for the UrbanData2Decide system as it will be developed later in the project.
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| 5. |
- Nihlén, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Hidden sources of fluids, sodium and potassium in stabilised Swedish ICU patients : A multicentre retrospective observational study
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 38:6, s. 625-633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fluid overload in ICU patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although studies report on optimisation of resuscitation fluids given to ICU patients, increasing evidence suggests that maintenance fluids and fluids used to administer drugs are important sources of fluid overload.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the volume of maintenance fluids and electrolytes on overall fluid balance and their relation to mortality in stabilised ICU patients.DESIGN: Multicentre retrospective observational study.SETTING: Six mixed surgical and medical ICUs in Sweden.PATIENTS: A total of 241 adult patients who spent at least 7 days in the ICU during 2018.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the volume of maintenance, resuscitation and drug diluent fluids administered on days 3 to 7 in the ICU. Secondary endpoints were to compare dispensed amounts of maintenance fluids and electrolytes with predicted requirements. We also investigated the effects of administered fluids and electrolytes on patient outcomes.RESULTS: During ICU days 3 to 7, 56.4% of the total fluids given were maintenance fluids, nutritional fluids or both, 25.4% were drug fluids and 18.1% were resuscitation fluids. Patients received fluids 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.56) times their estimated fluid needs. Despite this, 93% of the cohort was treated with diuretics or renal replacement therapy. Patients were given 2.17 (1.57 to 2.96) times their theoretical sodium needs and 1.22 (0.75 to 1.77) times their potassium needs. The median [IQR] volume of fluid loss during the 5-day study period was 3742 [3156 to 4479] ml day-1, with urine output the main source of fluid loss. Death at 90 days was not associated with fluid or electrolyte balance in this cohort.CONCLUSION: Maintenance and drug fluids far exceeded resuscitative fluids in ICU patients beyond the resuscitative phase. This excess fluid intake, in conjunction with high urinary output and treatment for fluid offload in almost all patients, suggests that a large volume of the maintenance fluids given was unnecessary.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.org (identifier: NCT03972475).
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| 6. |
- Nihlén, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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The Contribution of Plasma Urea to Total Osmolality During Iatrogenic Fluid Reduction in Critically Ill Patients
- 2022
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In: Function. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2633-8823. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hyperosmolality is common in critically ill patients during body fluid volume reduction. It is unknown whether this is only a result of decreased total body water or an active osmole-producing mechanism similar to that found in aestivating animals, where muscle degradation increases urea levels to preserve water. We hypothesized that fluid volume reduction in critically ill patients contributes to a shift from ionic to organic osmolytes similar to mechanisms of aestivation. We performed a post-hoc analysis on data from a multicenter observational study in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients in the postresuscitative phase. Fluid, electrolyte, energy and nitrogen intake, fluid loss, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and estimated plasma osmolality (eOSM) were registered. Contributions of osmolytes Na+, K+, urea, and glucose to eOSM expressed as proportions of eOSM were calculated. A total of 241 patients were included. eOSM increased (median change 7.4 mOsm/kg [IQR-1.9-18]) during the study. Sodium's and potassium's proportions of eOSM decreased (P P < .01, respectively), whereas urea's proportion increased (P < .001). The urea's proportion of eOSM was higher in patients with negative vs. positive fluid balance. Urea's proportion of eOSM increased with eOSM (r = 0.63; adjusted for eGFR r = 0.80), but not nitrogen intake. In patients without furosemide and/or renal replacement therapy (n = 17), urea's proportion of eOSM and eOSM correlated strongly (r = 0.92). Urea's proportion of eOSM was higher in patients not surviving up to 90 d. In stabilized ICU patients, the contribution of urea to plasma osmolality increased during body water volume reduction, statistically independently of nitrogen administration and eGFR. The shift from ionic osmolytes to urea during body fluid volume reduction is similar to that seen in aestivating animals. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 7. |
- RASMUSSON, MARKUS, et al.
(author)
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Data Visualisation and Decision Making Solutions to Forecast and Manage Complex Urban Challenges : STAKEHOLDER EVALUATION REPORT
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Decision-making based on large amounts of data and different data sources constitutes a growing challenge for many actors in society. An increased flow of information from social media and open data sources means that decentralized decision-makers such as regions, municipalities and cities are forced to change, adapt, and modify their existing decision-making (Voight & Bright 2016). What is the current status of European cities and municipalities? How do municipalities and cities in Europe work with data-driven decision-making today? What are the future opportunities and challenges? This report provides an overview and examples of how different organisations in the European cities of Malmö, Copenhagen, Oxford, Manchester and Vienna work with and relate to possibilities, challenges and limitations of data-driven decision making. Furthermore, the report presents different views of urban stakeholders’ on data-driven decision making and how they relate to concepts of open data, big data, social media data and visualization. The purpose of this report is to outline current strategies and main points on how data is used in decision making in selected European Cities and to evaluate the current state and possible outlooks for data-driven decision making. The selected cities are either city partners in the UrbanData2Decide consortium or cities which collaborate closely with universities and institutes involved in the consortium.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Rasmusson, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Smart Brandbekämpning - Användning av data i strategiskt brandsäkerhetsarbete
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Följande rapport är genomförd inom forskningsprojektet Bostadsbränder i storstadsområden - rumsliga skillnader och brandsäkerhetsarbete i den socialt fragmenterade staden. Projektet är finansierat av MSB och har Institutionen för Urbana studier på Malmö universitet och Institutionen för kulturgeografi och ekonomisk geografi vid Lunds universitet som bas. Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en översikt över internationella exempel på hur data används, vilka metoder för strategiskt brandskyddsarbete som bedrivs och hur ett sådant arbete kan utvecklas för av svenska räddningstjänster för att kunna ta mer underbyggda beslut i sitt strategiska brandsäkerhetsarbete.
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| 10. |
- Rasmusson, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Stakeholders, Roles, Workflows and Requirements
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Decisions makers in cities and urban areas continuously have to make important decisions to react or proactively identify new challenges, problems and conflicts. But as cities and urban areas have become more complex, well‐founded decisions have also become more difficult to make. Decisions cannot be purely based on intuitions but require a basis for assessments, which put great constraints on decision makers and decision making procedures in terms of expertise and knowledge. New technology and sources of information can, however, support decision makers and facilitate the decision making procedures, but at the moment these possibilities are not being leveraged to a greater extent in urban governance.
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