| 1. |
- Aaby, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Does the Danish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire measure what we think it measures? : A triangulated mixed-methods validation approach
- 2022
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In: Spinal Cord. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Study design: Triangulated mixed-methods validation study.Objectives: To validate the Danish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCL-CSQ).Setting: Community in Denmark.Methods: Participants were invited via a patient organization and its specialized hospital. Eligibility criteria were having a spinal cord injury (SCI), being 18 years or older, and able to understand and respond in Danish. Quantitative data were collected to determine internal consistency and criterion validity of the three subscales of SCL-CSQ, i.e., acceptance, fighting spirit, and social reliance. The Three-Step Test-Interview approach was employed to determine whether items measured what they were intended to measure (i.e., construct validity based on response processes).Results: The quantitative sample consisted of 107 participants, and the interview sample comprised 11 participants. The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 and 0.76 respectively) and satisfactory criterion validity (expected correlations with quality of life and depression). The social reliance subscale showed inadequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.58) and criterion validity. All fighting spirit items and all but one acceptance items were interpreted congruently by most participants. Conversely, two social reliance items were only interpreted congruently by 9 and 27%.Conclusion: The acceptance and fighting spirit subscales of the Danish version of the SCL-CSQ showed good psychometric properties, while the social reliance subscale showed serious issues and should be revised. Researchers and clinicians are urged to reflect on these findings when revising the SCL-CSQ or adapting it to other languages, cultural contexts, and rehabilitation settings.
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| 2. |
- Nielsen, Rasmus J., et al.
(author)
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Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation, review and challenges for implementation
- 2018
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In: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 19:1, s. 1-29
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area-specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader-scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of models and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long-term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision-making.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Line, et al.
(author)
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Active Conservative Management of Primary Spinal Syringomyelia : A Scoping Review and Perspectives for an Activity-based Clinical Approach
- 2022
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 54
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize existing research on active conservative management of primary spinal syringomyelia and associated symptoms and to discuss perspectives for clinical application using an activity-based approach. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for empirical studies of conservative management or therapies of adults with primary spinal syringomyelia from inception to April 2021. In addition, abstracts from relevant conferences were searched. Study characteristics and key findings were extracted, and findings descriptively synthesized. Results: Of 1,186 studies screened, 7 studies met the eligibility criteria (4 single case studies and 3 cohort studies, a total of 90 individuals). The interventions were primarily physiotherapeutic, mostly by posture correction and exercises, and effects were alleviation of pain, improved physical function, improved activities of daily living and quality of life. Analysis of factors triggering symptoms and rationale for choice of intervention based upon these was limited. Conclusion: Evidence of active conservative management of primary spinal syringomyelia and associated symptoms is limited. Many variations and limitations in the existing research limit the conclusions. High-quality research is needed to enable healthcare professionals to apply evidence-based active conservative interventions.
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| 4. |
- Patterson, Allison, et al.
(author)
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Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- 2022
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:17, s. 3800-3807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
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