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- Guillon, Q., et al.
(author)
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Intact perception but abnormal orientation towards face-like objects in young children with ASD
- 2016
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is ample behavioral evidence of diminished orientation towards faces as well as the presence of face perception impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms of these deficits are still unclear. We used face-like object stimuli that have been shown to evoke pareidolia in typically developing (TD) individuals to test the effect of a global face-like configuration on orientation and perceptual processes in young children with ASD and age-matched TD controls. We show that TD children were more likely to look first towards upright face-like objects than children with ASD, showing that a global face-like configuration elicit a stronger orientation bias in TD children as compared to children with ASD. However, once they were looking at the stimuli, both groups spent more time exploring the upright face-like object, suggesting that they both perceived it as a face. Our results are in agreement with abnormal social orienting in ASD, possibly due to an abnormal tuning of the subcortical pathway, leading to poor orienting and attention towards faces. Our results also indicate that young children with ASD can perceive a generic face holistically, such as face-like objects, further demonstrating holistic processing of faces in ASD.
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- Pusch, Roland, et al.
(author)
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The concept of highly radioactive waste (HLW) disposal in very deep boreholes in a new perspective
- 2012
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In: Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering. - : Scienpress Ltd. - 1792-9040 .- 1792-9660. ; 2:3, s. 1-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two basically different concepts for disposal of highly radioactive waste are the often cited KBS-3 method and a concept termed VDH (Very Deep Boreholes). So far, the deep hole concept has been ranked as number two because the canisters are not assumed to be retrievable and because some of the techniques for installation of the waste are not yet at hand. Reconsideration of the design and function of VDH shows that, in addition to the advantage of no transport of released radionuclides by groundwater flow up to the ground level because of the almost stagnant salt groundwater at depth, the rock at depth is considerably less permeable than for mined repositories at shallow depth. A further advantage is that VDH will be less affected by future glaciations. Less good is that precise adaption of canister and seal positions to the rock structure cannot be made until boring of the deep holes is complete. Furthermore, the deep holes need to be supported by casings and all work deeper than 500 m must be made with mud in them. Retrieval of damaged casings and stuck canisters may be more difficult than in mined repositories.
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- Pusch, Roland
(author)
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The geological basis for developing concepts for disposal of highly radioactive waste (HLW) in crystalline rock – a state of art compilation : [A base geológica para o desenvolvimento de um conceito para a eliminação de resíduos radioactivos (HLW) em rochas cristalinas – uma compilação do estado da arte]
- 2012
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In: Comunicações Geológicas. - 0873-948X .- 1647-581X. ; 99:1, s. 61-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concepts for deep geological disposal of highly radioactive waste from nuclear reactors consider the host rock to be a major barrier to transport of radionuclides that may possibly be released from the repository to the biosphere. This has required development of hydraulic (”geohydrological”) models for predicting possible groundwater contamination and dose rates. They are based on very limited information on the constitution and properties of the large rock mass, making the sophisticated models hypothetic and uncertain in calculation of groundwater flow and transport of dissolved species. Considerable effort has been put in hydraulic modeling of groundwater movement during and after the next glaciation cycle, largely disregarding from possible long-term impact of tectonic movements and seismic events on the transport paths. The rheological performance of the “near-field” rock has been assessed without considering that the rock stresses will cause spalling and fracturing of the rock immediately surrounding the waste containers, which produce heat and generate thermally induced stresses. Modelers of the hydro/mechanical performance of the near-field rock mass tend to neglect the existence of excavation disturbance of the rock around tunnels and drifts, which means that the evolution of groundwater flow in the “near-field” and “far-field” in a time perspective that includes at least one glaciation event has not yet been adequately predicted. In conclusion, one must rely on the engineered barriers, waste containers and embedding clay, for safe disposal of highly radioactive waste and take the rock to serve merely as a mechanical protection of the “chemical apparatus”.
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- Lytsy, Birgitta, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Six Methods for Epidemiological Typing of Escherichia coli Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase during a Suspected Outbreak
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During a suspected outbreak of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) at Uppsala University Hospital 2005-2007, different typing methods were applied to examine their usefulness in a sharp situation. Included methods were antibiogram-based typing, PhenePlate (PhP) system, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive sequence-based (rep)-PCR (Diversilab), arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR, and characterization of integrons. A PCR assay was used to define the O25b-ST131 clone, and nosocomial transmission was explored with a locally developed tracing tool. Of the 253 analyzed isolates, 70% harboured CTX-M group 1 enzymes and 19% CTX-X-M group 9 enzymes. Integrons with integrated gene cassettes were detected in 47% of the isolates and 77% were of class 1. One restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) type predominated (n=48), and it was in 40% of the cases associated with the O25b-ST131 clone. Fifty-five (22%) of all isolates were PCR positive for this clone, of which the PhP-system identified 49%. Fifty isolates were further analyzed. Most methods had difficulties with recognizing the O25b-ST131 clone. Rep-PCR identified 100%, PFGE 86%, AP-PCR 68%, PCR-RFLP of integrons 39% and antibiogram types 32% of the PCR positive isolates. Epidemiological data supported a nosocomial transmission in a limited number of cases, suggesting an endemic rather than an epidemic situation. In conclusion, the genetic complexity of ESBL-producing E. coli has become a challenge for any microbiology laboratory. Although the defining O25b-ST131 PCR assay was the most efficient method to identify this epidemic clone, PCR methods cannot be applied on genetically uncharacterized E. coli strains. To rely on a single epidemiological typing method to identify strains or mobile genetic elements with epidemic potential might be insufficient.
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