| 1. |
- Berglund, Carl Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Trygghet i storstädernas transportsystem : möjligheter att identifiera kostnadseffektiva åtgärder
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Otrygghet i trafiksystemet kan påverka människors vanor och medföra att man inte rör sig i offentliga miljöer eller använder allmänna kommunikationsmedel. Det kan leda till att man avstår eller att man genomför resor på annat sätt än det som är resenärers förstahandsval. Denna rapport innehåller en analys av trygghetsproblemets omfattning och sammanhang utifrån tidigare genomförda studier av trygghet/otrygghet i trafikmiljön. Arbetet omfattar en översiktlig inventering och sammanställning av kunskapsläget avseende upplevelser av otrygghet i trafikmiljön, en översikt och analys av tänkbara orsaker till otrygghet i olika trafikmiljöer och situationer samt en översikt över olika trygghetshöjande åtgärder. Möjligheterna att förbättra underlaget för planering och utveckling av trafikmiljön och därmed möjligheterna att åstadkomma tryggare trafik- och reseförhållanden diskuteras. En ansats till strukturering av stads- och trafikmiljön görs i rapporten. Syftet med denna är att underlätta analysen av orsaker till upplevelser av otrygghet i resmiljö, möjligheterna att identifiera åtgärder i stadens resmiljö samt att identifiera ansvariga aktörer inom olika områden. De nivåer som föreslås är: • stadsmiljön • trafikmiljön • fordon/transportslag • andra människor. Utvecklingsbehov har identifierats avseende tillämpningen av olika kostnadseffektanalysmetoder och värderingsansatser samt avseende synergieffekter och konflikter mellan olika mål och trafikantgrupper.
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| 2. |
- Engvall, Monica, 1940, et al.
(author)
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Oral health in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy.
- 2007
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In: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 115:3, s. 192-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myotonic dystrophy or dystrophia myotonica (DM) is a hereditary neuromuscular multisystem disease with a varying clinical expressivity and severity. The objective of this study was to assess the oral health in children with myotonic dystrophy and to compare it with a control group. Fifty-six DM patients, aged 2.7-18.0 yr, were compared with age- and gender-matched control patients with respect to caries, plaque, and gingivitis. Oral function and signs of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) were assessed, and the ability to co-operate in dental treatment was estimated. Questionnaires concerning eating habits, dental care, traumatic injuries to teeth, and orofacial function were also used. The DM patients had significantly more caries, plaque, and gingivitis than did control patients. They had more TMD problems and lower co-operation ability than the healthy control persons. General sedation was frequently needed to carry through dental treatment. DM patients are at risk of caries, gingivitis and TMD problems, and need intensified prophylactic care. Behavior management problems are common.
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| 3. |
- Engvall, Monica, 1940, et al.
(author)
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Oral health status in a group of children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 over a 4-year period.
- 2009
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In: International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children. - 1365-263X. ; 19:6, s. 412-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate changes in oral health, orofacial function, and dental care in children with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in comparison with a control group. METHODS: Thirty-six DM1 patients and 33 control patients out of originally 37 in each group were examined on two occasions about 4 years apart. Caries, plaque, and gingivitis were registered, mouth opening capacity assessed and the ability to cooperate in dental treatment estimated. Questionnaires concerning different aspects of oral health and care, symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), and dental trauma were also used. RESULTS: The DM1-patients, in particular the boys, had significantly more caries, plaque, and gingivitis than the control patients on both occasions and the increase in decayed missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and surfaces (DMFS) was significantly larger. They received more dental care and had lower cooperation ability. Mouth opening capacity and increase of it was significantly lower and symptoms of TMD were significantly more frequent. CONCLUSIONS: DM1 patients, as they grow older, have increasing amounts of plaque and risk of caries and gingivitis. They have more TMD problems. Behaviour management problems do not seem to decrease with age. Increased prophylactic care is essential for DM1 patients.
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| 4. |
- Fröbert, Ole, et al.
(author)
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Thrombus Aspiration during ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2013
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 369:17, s. 1587-1597
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe clinical effect of routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate whether thrombus aspiration reduces mortality. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial, with enrollment of patients from the national comprehensive Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) and end points evaluated through national registries. A total of 7244 patients with STEMI undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to PCI only. The primary end point was all-cause mortality at 30 days. ResultsNo patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 2.8% of the patients in the thrombus-aspiration group (103 of 3621), as compared with 3.0% in the PCI-only group (110 of 3623) (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.63). The rates of hospitalization for recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days were 0.5% and 0.9% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.07; P=0.09), and the rates of stent thrombosis were 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.02; P=0.06). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the rate of stroke or neurologic complications at the time of discharge (P=0.87). The results were consistent across all major prespecified subgroups, including subgroups defined according to thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. ConclusionsRoutine thrombus aspiration before PCI as compared with PCI alone did not reduce 30-day mortality among patients with STEMI. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01093404.)
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| 5. |
- Robertson, Lotta, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Release of protein as well as activity of MMP-9 from unstable atherosclerotic plaques during percutaneous coronary intervention.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820. ; 262:6, s. 659-667
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. Few studies have investigated the composition of unstable coronary plaques in vivo in humans. The aims of this study were to investigate if substances released from plaques during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) under distal protection could give information about plaque composition and also indicate possible biomarkers in plasma that may be used to identify patients at risk. Methods and results. Twenty patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI with distal protection were included. Plasma samples were taken before, during, and after the PCI in the aortic root, locally in the culprit vessel and intravenously. Plasma was analysed for possible markers of plaque instability. During PCI, local increases were observed for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), protein (P < 0.001) as well as activity (P < 0.001), interleukin 6 (IL-6; P < 0.01) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL; P = 0.01) in the culprit coronary artery. A systemic inflammatory response was also seen with increased levels of IL-10, MMP-3, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein, but with no increase in MMP-9. Conclusions. Our study shows that local sampling of blood under distal protection may be used to analyse coronary plaques and to identify biomarkers for unstable plaques. Our results suggest that MMP-9 is a potential biomarker, and that IL-6, MMP9 and possibly oxLDL are released from plaques.
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