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- Adewumi, Oluseun, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines by the International Stem Cell Initiative
- 2007
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In: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 25:7, s. 803-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The International Stem Cell Initiative characterized 59 human embryonic stem cell lines from 17 laboratories worldwide. Despite diverse genotypes and different techniques used for derivation and maintenance, all lines exhibited similar expression patterns for several markers of human embryonic stem cells. They expressed the glycolipid antigens SSEA3 and SSEA4, the keratan sulfate antigens TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2 and GCT343, and the protein antigens CD9, Thy1 (also known as CD90), tissue- nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and class 1 HLA, as well as the strongly developmentally regulated genes NANOG, POU5F1 (formerly known as OCT4), TDGF1, DNMT3B, GABRB3 and GDF3. Nevertheless, the lines were not identical: differences in expression of several lineage markers were evident, and several imprinted genes showed generally similar allele-specific expression patterns, but some gene-dependent variation was observed. Also, some female lines expressed readily detectable levels of XIST whereas others did not. No significant contamination of the lines with mycoplasma, bacteria or cytopathic viruses was detected.
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| 2. |
- Puckett, Emily E., et al.
(author)
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Global population divergence and admixture of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 283:1841
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Native to China and Mongolia, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) now enjoys a worldwide distribution. While black rats and the house mouse tracked the regional development of human agricultural settlements, brown rats did not appear in Europe until the 1500s, suggesting their range expansion was a response to relatively recent increases in global trade. We inferred the global phylogeography of brown rats using 32 k SNPs, and detected 13 evolutionary clusters within five expansion routes. One cluster arose following a southward expansion into Southeast Asia. Three additional clusters arose from two independent eastward expansions: one expansion from Russia to the Aleutian Archipelago, and a second to western North America. Westward expansion resulted in the colonization of Europe from which subsequent rapid colonization of Africa, the Americas and Australasia occurred, and multiple evolutionary clusters were detected. An astonishing degree of fine-grained clustering between and within sampling sites underscored the extent to which urban heterogeneity shaped genetic structure of commensal rodents. Surprisingly, few individuals were recent migrants, suggesting that recruitment into established populations is limited. Understanding the global population structure of R. norvegicus offers novel perspectives on the forces driving the spread of zoonotic disease, and aids in development of rat eradication programmes.
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| 3. |
- Lewis, Matt, et al.
(author)
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A standardised tidal-stream power curve, optimised for the global resource
- 2021
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In: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 170, s. 1308-1323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tidal-stream energy resource can be predicted deterministically, provided tidal harmonics and turbine-device characteristics are known. Many turbine designs exist, all having different characteristics (e.g. rated speed), which creates uncertainty in resource assessment or renewable energy system-design decision-making. A standardised normalised tidal-stream power-density curve was parameterised with data from 14 operational horizontal-axis turbines (e.g. mean cut-in speed was ∼30% of rated speed). Applying FES2014 global tidal data (1/16° gridded resolution) up to 25 km from the coast, allowed optimal turbine rated speed assessment. Maximum yield was found for turbine rated speed ∼97% of maximum current speed (maxU) using the 4 largest tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1 and O1) and ∼87% maxU for a “high yield” scenario (highest Capacity Factor in top 5% of yield cases); with little spatial variability found for either. Optimisation for firm power (highest Capacity Factor with power gaps less than 2 h), which is important for problematic or expensive energy-storage cases (e.g. off-grid), turbine rated speed of ∼56% maxU was found – but with spatial variability due to tidal form and maximum current speed. We find optimisation and convergent design is possible, and our standardised power curve should help future research in resource and environmental impact assessment.
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