| 1. |
- Vieira, Renan, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian Analysis of Bug-Fixing Time using Report Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450394277 ; , s. 57-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bug-fixing is the crux of software maintenance. It entails tending to heaps of bug reports using limited resources. Using historical data, we can ask questions that contribute to betterinformed allocation heuristics. The caveat here is that often there is not enough data to provide a sound response. This issue is especially prominent for young projects. Also, answers may vary from project to project. Consequently, it is impossible to generalize results without assuming a notion of relatedness between projects.Aims: Evaluate the independent impact of three report features in the bug-fixing time (BFT), generalizing results from many projects: bug priority, code-churn size in bug fixing commits, and existence of links to other reports (e.g., depends on or blocks other bug reports).Method: We analyze 55 projects from the Apache ecosystem using Bayesian statistics. Similar to standard random effects methodology, we assume each project's average BFT is a dispersed version of a global average BFT that we want to assess. We split the data based on feature values/range (e.g., with or without links). For each split, we compute a posterior distribution over its respective global BFT. Finally, we compare the posteriors to establish the feature's effect on the BFT. We run independent analyses for each feature.Results: Our results show that the existence of links and higher code-churn values lead to BFTs that are at least twice as long. On the other hand, considering three levels of priority (low, medium, and high), we observe no difference in the BFT.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using hierarchical Bayes to extrapolate results from multiple projects and assess the global effect of different attributes on the BFT. We use this methodology to gain insight on how links, priority, and code-churn size impact the BFT. On top of that, our posteriors can be used as a prior to analyze novel projects, potentially young and scarce on data. We also believe our methodology can be reused for other generalization studies in empirical software engineering. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.
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| 2. |
- Filho, Juarez, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing erosion in exception handling design using static-architecture conformance checking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes Computer Science. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 9783319658308 ; , s. 67-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exception handling is a common error recovery technique employed to improve software robustness. However, studies have reported that exception handling is commonly neglected by developers and is the least understood and documented part of a software project. The lack of documentation and difficulty in understanding the exception handling design can lead developers to violate important design decisions, triggering an erosion process in the exception handling design. Architectural conformance checking provides means to control the architectural erosion by periodically checking if the actual architecture is consistent with the planned one. Nevertheless, available approaches do not provide a proper support for exception handling conformance checking. To fulfill this gap, we propose ArCatch: an architectural conformance checking solution to deal with the exception handling design erosion. ArCatch provides: (i) a declarative language for expressing design constraints regarding exception handling; and (ii) a design rule checker to automatically verify the exception handling conformance. To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of our approach, we conducted a case study, in which we evaluated an evolution scenario composed by 10 versions of an existing web-based Java system. Each version was checked against the same set of exception handling design rules. Based on the results and the feedback given by the system’s architect, the ArCatch proved useful and effective in the identification of existing exception handling erosion problems and locating its causes in the source code. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
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| 3. |
- Matson Dzebo, Maria, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Cellular Uptake of Antisecretory Peptide AF-16 through Proteoglycan Binding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4995 .- 0006-2960. ; 53:41, s. 6566-6573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peptide AF-16, which includes the active site of Antisecretory Factor protein, has antisecretory and antiinflammatory properties, making it a potent drug candidate for treatment of secretory and inflammatory diseases such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel diseases, and intracranial hypertension. Despite remarkable physiological effects and great pharmaceutical need for drug discovery, very little is yet understood about AF-16 mechanism of action. In order to address interaction mechanisms, we investigated the binding of AF-16 to sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin, with focus on the effect of pH and ionic strength, and studied the influence of cell-surface proteoglycans on cellular uptake efficiency. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry experiments on wild type and proteoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells reveal an endocytotic nature of AF-16 cellular uptake that is, however, less efficient for the cells lacking cell-surface proteoglycans. Isothermal titration calorimetry provides quantitative thermodynamic data and evidence for that the peptide affinity to heparinincreases at lower pH and ionic strength. Experimental data, supported by theoretical modeling, of peptide−glycosaminoglycan interaction indicate that it has a large electrostatic contribution, which will be enhanced in diseases accompanied by decreased pH and ionic strength. These observations show that cell-surface proteoglycans are of general and crucial importance for the antisecretory and anti-inflammatory activities of AF-16.
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| 4. |
- Sousa, Armando, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Debt in Large-Scale Distributed Projects : An Industrial Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728196305 ; , s. 590-594
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technical debt (TD) is a metaphor that reflects the technical compromises that sacrifice the long-term health of a software product to achieve short term benefit. It is important to manage TD to avoid software degradation. In large-scale distributed projects, technical debt management (TDM) becomes more complex and challenging. There is a lack of empirical studies on the TD accumulation in large-scale distributed projects. Then, to address this gap, we conducted a case study in Ericsson (a European Telecom Company) to identify the relationship between TD accumulation and factors such as task complexity, lead time, total of developers, and task scaling. We used data from 33 projects extracted from managerial documents to conduct a regression analysis. We also conducted interviews with seniors developers of the team to interpret the results. We found out that Task Complexity has a strong relationship (p-value = 5.69 × 10-5) with Technical Debt, while Global Distance was mentioned by the interviewees as a relevant factor for TD accumulation (although not statistically significant in our regression analysis). Practitioners should consider avoiding complex/big tasks, breaking down big tasks into small ones (if possible). We also plan to analyze other projects in this company to confirm our findings further. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 5. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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