| 1. |
- Acquaviva, Alessandro, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Analytical Conduction Loss Calculation of a MOSFET Three-Phase Inverter Accounting for the Reverse Conduction and the Blanking Time
- 2021
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In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; 68:8, s. 6682-6691
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reverse conduction capability of MOSFETs is beneficial for the efficiency of a three-phase inverter. In this paper analytical expressions in closed form are presented which allow to quickly evaluate the conduction losses, considering the effect of the reverse conduction and blanking time for both sinusoidal PWM operation with and without third harmonic injection. The losses of a three-phase SiC MOSFET inverter suitable for traction applications are estimated with the proposed method and show good agreement of about 98.5 % with measurements, performed with a calorimetric setup.
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| 2. |
- Kersten, Anton, 1991, et al.
(author)
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Review of Technical Design and Safety Requirements for Vehicle Chargers and Their Infrastructure According to National Swedish and Harmonized European Standards
- 2021
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In: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 14:11
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Battery electric vehicles demand a wide variety of charging networks, such as charging stations and wallboxes, to be set up in the future. The high charging power (typically in the range of a couple of kW up to a couple of hundred kW) and the possibly long duration of the charging process (up to more than 24 h) put some special requirements on the electrical infrastructure of charging stations, sockets, and plugs. This paper gives an overview of the technical design requirements and considerations for vehicle charging stations, sockets, and plugs, including their infrastructure, according to the Swedish Standard 4364000, "Low-voltage electrical installations-Rules for design and erection of electrical installations", and the corresponding harmonized European standards. In detail, the four internationally categorized charging modes are explained and the preferable charging plugs, including their two-bus communication, according to European Directives are shown. The dimensioning of the supply lines and the proper selection of the overcurrent protection device, the insulation monitor, and the residual current device are described. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the required safety measures, such as the application of an isolation transformer or the implementation of an overvoltage protection mechanism, and the limits for conducted electromagnetic emissions, such as low-frequency harmonics or high-frequency (150 kHz to 108 MHz) emissions, are given.
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| 3. |
- Rodionov, Artem, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of DC Link Current and Voltage Stress for Motor Drive Application in Dual Three-Phase Configuration
- 2020
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In: IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference). - 2577-1647 .- 2162-4704. ; 2020-October, s. 1267-1272
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In automotive applications both space and operational safety of the drive-train are important design considerations. In this study a thorough DC link design for a fault tolerant dual three-phase drive train is conducted. PWM interleaving technique is utilized and based on the three-phase reference case DC link sizing maps in terms of both current and voltage stress are obtained for dual-three-phase configurations.It is found that current stress of the DC link capacitor can be reduced by up to 46 % compared to the three phase case. Similarly, the voltage stress can be reduced by up to 45 % while maintaining fault tolerant capability.
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| 4. |
- Rodionov, Artem, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Design and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of a Heatsink for a Direct Cooled Power Module with a Ribbon Bonded Cooling Structure
- 2019
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In: 2019 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2019 ECCE Europe. - 9789075815313
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the sensitivity of heatsink design parameters for a novel type of ribbon-bonded direct cooled power module for automotive applications. Multi-parameter analysis of the heatsink geometry is performed with thermally coupled computational fluid dynamic simulations with respect to thermal and fluid performance. The fluid dynamic simulations show that the outlet pressure drop is the most dominant pressure drop of all considered geometries, while the pressure drop due to the ribbon bonded cooling structure of the power module is comparatively low. The thermally coupled simulations of the ribbon bonded cooling structure show that when maximum rated heat flux from the power module is applied, the coolant temperature increases along the cooling channel is in the worst investigated case as high as 36 °C over the module. This leads to an uneven thermal load of the module, where the downstream power switches become the bottleneck. A method to estimate the amount of loss that can be safely dissipated by taking the coolant inlet temperature, flow rate and thermal gradient into account is proposed.
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| 5. |
- Rodionov, Artem, 1990
(author)
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Design, Modelling and Implementation of High Power Density Drive for Electric Vehicles
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The world is facing an unprecedented ecological crisis due to our ever increasing demand for energy. Today roughly 37% the total CO2 emissions are generated by transport. In the last decade transportation electrification has seen a large push. This way it is possible to eliminate local emissions and if the electricity generation is CO2 neutral also the global emissions. Some of the main challenges of are range and cost. Apart from declining component cost, especially of the battery packs, important factors of the electric vehicle drive-train are efficiency and size. With increased efficiency the cooling system of the drive-train can be smaller and thus the system size and mass can be further decreased. Further drive-train downsizing can be achieved by integrating the inverter and electric motor and utilizing new wide band-gap semiconductors such as SiC. To understand the design process first the vehicle requirements and dynamics need to be understood. Electric vehicle system architecture is therefore first presented in this thesis. Once the global requirements are taken into account, the inverter design can be performed. Further, an easy to use estimation tool of the inverter losses is required to understand the cooling requirements and feasibility of the design. Therefore, the second part of this work focuses on loss modelling of inverters and semiconductors. Next, the DC link capacitors are discussed and the dimensioning processes are presented. This work investigates the possibility of utilization of a double-three-phase topology (DTP) to reduce the DC capacitor bank of the inverter. This is achieved by means of carrier wave interleaving which makes it possible to reduce the capacitor current stress. This modulation technique makes it also possible to optimize for the capacitance rating of the capacitor bank. The DTP topology is then utilized when designing a low C-rate inverter for an 800V traction system. The adopted DC link capacitor bank is 23.5 μF. Aluminium substrate printed circuit boards with high thermal dissipation characteristics are investigated as an alternative to SiC power modules. The Al-PCB concept utilizes surface mount devices which are generally cheaper and more available as well as inhibit a higher degree of flexibility for the designer. This makes it possible to mount temperature sensors and current sensors on the Al-PCB increasing the power density further. The flexibility offered by Al-PCB can be exploited to adapt the inverter to the machine geometry for better integration. A prototype with the volume of 2.17 L is then experimentally verified in a prototype capable of delivering 250 kW for a DTP drive.
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| 6. |
- Rodionov, Artem, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Sizing and energy efficiency analysis of a multi-phase FSCW PMSM drive for traction application
- 2020
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In: IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference). - 2577-1647 .- 2162-4704. ; 2020-October, s. 2069-2074
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the properties of multi-phase drive systems for electric propulsion systems in terms sizing and drive cycle performance.A multi-phase solution offers improved system safety due to redundancy. A 12 slot 10 poles fractional slot winding machine is chosen due to its promising characteristics in terms of short end-windings and ease for mass production utilizing pre-wound coils. The same machine can be reconfigured to be utilized both in 3-phase, using a single inverter, and in 6-phase mode using two 3-phase inverters. IGBT and SiC based inverter topologies are investigated for both 3-phase and 6-phase systems. In the multiphase mode the capacitor bank current rating can be reduced by 43.5% if PWM carrier shift is exploited.Multiple drive cycle studies are performed. For the 6-phase system a total reduction of electric machine losses of up to 4.6% and up to 3.8% inverter losses are reported.
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| 7. |
- Sharma, Nimananda, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A Mechanical-Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Bench for Verification of Multi-Motor Drivetrain Systems
- 2023
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In: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - 2332-7782. ; 9:1, s. 1698-1707
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multi-motor drivetrain systems utilizing more than one electric machine for propulsion can provide possibilities to improve energy efficiency and vehicle dynamic performance of battery electric vehicles (BEV). However, laboratory testing of such drivetrain systems using a dyno test bench can be costly. A solution can be to use a mechanical-hardware-in-the-loop (MHIL) test bench, which combines real-time simulations of the intended working environment with the dyno test bench. To utilize the MHIL approach for multi-motor drivetrain systems, one drivetrain is implemented in the dyno test bench, while the remaining are simulated using a real-time simulator. Therefore, providing a less expensive solution for laboratory testing of drivetrain components and control methods in their intended environment. In this work, an MHIL test bench for a multi-motor drivetrain system is designed and experimentally verified. A BEV with two independently driven front wheels is considered for modeling. To interface the dyno test bench with real-time simulation, two different methods, namely open-loop and closed-loop, are proposed and verified in experiments by prototyping an MHIL test bench. In addition, an anti-slip control is implemented and evaluated experimentally to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed MHIL test bench in the verification of control methods.
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