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- K. Roth, Sabrina, et al.
(author)
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Human exposure to chemicals in Sweden in achanging climate
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The possible effects of climate change on human exposure to chemicals in Sweden were investigated inthis report based on a targeted literature review. Exposure of the Swedish population to chemicals underclimate change was assessed, with a focus on indoor air quality, floods, droughts, landslides, pesticideuse, environmental contaminants in food, and UV radiation. Results of the literature review weresummarized for each of the focus areas as factors that could drive changes in chemical exposure, andwere then synthesized into a set of three narrative scenarios for alternative future paths for chemicalexposure in Sweden under climate change.These scenarios describe alternative pathways for the development of human exposure to chemicals indrinking water, food, the indoor environment, and usage of sunscreen products for the Swedishpopulation and were inspired by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenario framework usedfor global change research.Exposure of the Swedish population to chemicals in the future in these possible scenarios increases inmany cases, but possibilities for decreased chemical exposure are also identified in some scenarios
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- Polazzo, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Combined effects of heatwaves and micropollutants on freshwater ecosystems : Towards an integrated assessment of extreme events in multiple stressors research
- 2022
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:4, s. 1248-1267
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Freshwater ecosystems are strongly influenced by weather extremes such as heatwaves (HWs), which are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. In addition to these climate extremes, the freshwater realm is impacted by the exposure to various classes of chemicals emitted by anthropogenic activities. Currently, there is limited knowledge on how the combined exposure to HWs and chemicals affects the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Here, we review the available literature describing the single and combined effects of HWs and chemicals on different levels of biological organization, to obtain a holistic view of their potential interactive effects. We only found a few studies (13 out of the 61 studies included in this review) that investigated the biological effects of HWs in combination with chemical pollution. The reported interactive effects of HWs and chemicals varied largely not only within the different trophic levels but also depending on the studied endpoints for populations or individuals. Hence, owing also to the little number of studies available, no consistent interactive effects could be highlighted at any level of biological organization. Moreover, we found an imbalance towards single species and population experiments, with only five studies using a multitrophic approach. This results in a knowledge gap for relevant community and ecosystem level endpoints, which prevents the exploration of important indirect effects that can compromise food web stability. Moreover, this knowledge gap impairs the validity of chemical risk assessments and our ability to protect ecosystems. Finally, we highlight the urgency of integrating extreme events into multiple stressors studies and provide specific recommendations to guide further experimental research in this regard.
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- Roth, Sabrina K., et al.
(author)
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Multiple stressor effects of a heatwave and a herbicide on zooplankton communities : Implications of global climate change
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-665X. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to pesticides through various pathways such as spray-drift, agricultural runoff, and chemical spills. Understanding the impact of pesticides on freshwater ecosystems requires not only understanding how pesticides affect aquatic organisms but also knowledge of their interactions with other stressors, such as those related to global climate change. Heatwaves are extended periods of temperature increase relative to the climatological mean. They are increasing in frequency and magnitude and pose an emerging threat to shallow freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the single and combined effects of the herbicide terbuthylazine and a simulated heatwave on freshwater zooplankton communities using indoor microcosms. Terbuthylazine was applied at an environmentally relevant concentration (15 µg/L). The heatwave consisted of an increase of 6°C above the control temperature for a period of 7 days. When applied individually, the heatwave increased the total abundance of zooplankton by 3 times. The terbuthylazine exposure led to an indirect effect on the zooplankton community structure, reducing the relative abundance of some taxa. The combination of the heatwave and terbuthylazine had no significant impact on the zooplankton community, indicating additive effects dominated by the herbicide. The interaction between the two stressors increased chlorophyll-a concentrations and apparently changed the structure of the phytoplankton community, which may have benefitted cyanobacteria over green algae. Overall, this study shows that understanding the effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors on aquatic communities remains a challenging task. Further studies should be conducted to improve our mechanistic understanding of multiple stressor interactions at different levels of biological organisation.
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- Roth, Sabrina K., et al.
(author)
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Scenario-based modelling of changes in chemical intake fraction in Sweden and the Baltic Sea under global change
- 2023
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 888
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The climate in Europe is warming twice as fast as it is across the rest of the globe, and in Sweden annual mean tempera-tures are forecast to increase by up to 3-6 & DEG;C by 2100, with increasing frequency and magnitude of floods, heatwaves, and other extreme weather. These climate change-related environmental factors and the response of humans at the individual and collective level will affect the mobilization and transport of and human exposure to chemical pollutants in the envi-ronment. We conducted a literature review of possible future impacts of global change in response to a changing climate on chemical pollutants in the environment and human exposure, with a focus on drivers of change in exposure of the Swedish population to chemicals in the indoor and outdoor environment. Based on the literature review, we formulated three alternative exposure scenarios that are inspired by three of the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We then con-ducted scenario-based exposure modelling of the >3000 organic chemicals in the USEtox (R) 2.0 chemical library, and fur-ther selected three chemicals (terbuthylazine, benzo[a]pyrene, PCB-155) from the USEtox library that are archetypical pollutants of drinking water and food as illustrative examples. We focus our modelling on changes in the population intake fraction of chemicals, which is calculated as the fraction of a chemical emitted to the environment that is ingested via food uptake or inhaled by the Swedish population. Our results demonstrate that changes of intake fractions of chemicals are possible by up to twofold increases or decreases under different development scenarios. Changes in intake fraction in the most optimistic SSP1 scenario are mostly attributable to a shift by the population towards a more plant-based diet, while changes in the pessimistic SSP5 scenario are driven by environmental changes such as rain fall and runoff rates.
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