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- Sobocki, P, et al.
(author)
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Resource use and costs associated with patients treated for depression in primary care.
- 2006
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In: The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7598.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated medical resource consumption, productivity loss and costs associated with patients treated with antidepressants for depression in primary care in Sweden. Patients on treatment for depression were followed naturalistically for six months, and data on patients' characteristics, daily activity and resource-use were collected. The total cost per patient was estimated at 5,500 (95%CI 5,000-6,100) over six months in 2005 prices. Direct costs were estimated at 1,900 ( 1,700-2,200), 35% of total costs, and indirect costs at 3,600 ( 3,100-4,100), 65% of total costs. The cost for antidepressants represented only 4% of the total costs. We conclude that the burden of depression is high, both to the individual as well as to wider society, and there seems to be a particular need for therapies that have the potential to improve productivity in depressed patients.
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- Ljung, T., et al.
(author)
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Parental schizophrenia and increased offspring suicide risk : exploring the causal hypothesis using cousin comparisons
- 2013
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In: Psychological Medicine. - New York, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 43:3, s. 581-590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Little is known about suicide risk among offspring of parents hospitalized for schizophrenia and the mechanisms behind this association.Method: We applied a nested case-control design based on linkage of Swedish population-based registers. Among 12- to 30-year-old offspring, we identified 68 318 offspring with suicidal behavior (attempted and completed suicide) and their parents. Five healthy control-parent pairs were matched to each suicidal case-parent pair and conditional logistic regression used to obtain odds ratios (ORs). Further, to disentangle familial confounding from causal environmental mechanisms, we compared the population-based suicide risk with the risk found within full-cousins and half-cousins differentially exposed to parental schizophrenia.Results: Offspring of parents with schizophrenia had significantly increased suicide risk after accounting for socio-economic status, parental suicidal behavior and offspring mental illness [OR 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-1.85]. Suicide risks in offspring of schizophrenic mothers and fathers were similar in magnitude; so were risks across different developmental periods. Importantly, offspring suicide risk remained essentially unchanged across genetically different relationships; offspring of siblings discordant for schizophrenia had equivalent risk increases within full-cousins (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.66-2.31) and half-cousins (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.17-2.44).Conclusions: Parental schizophrenia was associated with increased risk of offspring suicidal behavior, independent of gender of the schizophrenic parent, and persisting into adulthood. The suicide risk in offspring remained at a similar level when comparing genetically different relationships, which suggests that at least part of the association is due to environmental mechanisms. These findings should inspire increased attention to suicidal ideation and prevention efforts in offspring of parents with schizophrenia.
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- Sobocki, P, et al.
(author)
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The mission is remission: health economic consequences of achieving full remission with antidepressant treatment for depression.
- 2006
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In: International journal of clinical practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1368-5031 .- 1742-1241. ; 60:7, s. 791-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of the impact of treating depression to full remission on cost and health-related quality of life. In a naturalistic longitudinal survey recordings of resource use and quality of life were carried out among depressed patients treated with antidepressant therapy in 56 Swedish primary care clinics. We found that a total of 52% of the patients achieved full remission during the study period. Remitting patients had, on average, three outpatient visits less than non-remitting patients (p < 0.01), 22 fewer sick leave days (p = 0.01), which translated into a significantly lower total cost (Euro 2700) compared with non-remitting patients (p < 0.01). Health-related quality-of-life scores improved by 40% for remitting patients when compared with non-remitting ones (p < 0.01). We conclude that remission has a substantial health economic impact on patients treated for depression, which further strengthens the importance of aiming for full remission in the treatment of depression.
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