| 1. |
- Evans, M, et al.
(author)
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Association Between Implementation Of Novel Therapies And Improved Survival In Patients Starting Hemodialysis: The Swedish Renal Registry 2006-2015
- 2021
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In: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 36:7, s. 1298-1306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe recent years have witnessed significant therapeutic advances for patients on haemodialysis (HD). We evaluated temporal changes in treatments practices and survival rates among incident HD patients.MethodsThis was an observational study of patients initiating HD in Sweden in 2006–15. Trends of HD-related practices, medications and routine laboratory biomarkers were evaluated. The incidence of death and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) across calendar years were compared against the age- and sex-matched general population. Via Cox regression, we explored whether adjustment for implementation of therapeutic advances modified observed survival and MACE risks.ResultsAmong 6612 patients, age and sex were similar, but the burden of comorbidities increased over time. The proportion of patients receiving treatment by haemodiafiltration, ≥3 sessions/week, lower ultrafiltration rate and working fistulas increased progressively, as did use of non-calcium phosphate binders, cinacalcet and vitamin D3. The standardized 1-year mortality decreased from 13.2% in 2006–07 to 11.1% in 2014–15. The risk of death decreased by 6% [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–0.99] every 2 years, and the risk of MACE by 4% (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–1.00). Adjustment for changes in treatment characteristics abrogated these associations (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.92–1.09 for death and 1.00, 0.94–1.06 for MACE). Compared with the general population, the risk of death declined from 6 times higher in 2006–07 [standardized incidence rate ratio (sIRR) = 6.0, 95% CI 5.3–6.9] to 5.6 higher in 2014–15 (sIRR = 5.57, 95% CI 4.8–6.4).ConclusionsGradual implementation of therapeutic advances over the last decade was associated with a parallel reduction in short-term risk of death and MACE among HD patients.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Kurt, et al.
(author)
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Geochemical behavior of U and Th during exhalative sedimentary processes
- 1978
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In: Genesis of the manganese nodules. - : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS. ; , s. 151-166
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exhalative sediments are formed on a large scale on spreading (or active) ridges. Such sediments on the crest of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) are on the average rich in U (38 ppm) and poor in Th (2.4 ppm), contrary to other pelagic sediments that contan 3-6 ppm U and 3-11 ppm Th in the non-biogenic fraction. Most U in active ridge deposits is absorbed from sea water but some derives from different volcanic sources: (a) Shallow hydrothermal leaching of basalts form solutions with high SUP-234 U/SUP-238 U values; (b) Deep seated sources deliver solutions which are very rich in U but with radiochemical equilibrium between SUP-234 U and SUP-238 U; (c) Hydrothermal leaching of sediments is possibly an additional process. Bottom waters over the EPR show normal sea-water values for SUP-234 U/SUP-238 U, suggesting that volcanic U is delivered intemittently. Terrigenous matter delivers most of the Th, whereas biological matter probably is of negligible importance on active ridges as a source for Th. Volcanic processes are negligible sources of U in deposits formed far from spreading centers, such as the bauer Deep sediments and manganese nodules, since any adsorbed U is redissolved during diagenesis. Metamorphic alterations of U rich exhalative deposits could give them the reappearance of vein deposits; a detailed study of such deposits will probably reveal that many of them originally were sedimentary deposits.
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| 7. |
- Boström, K., et al.
(author)
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Langban - Exhalative Sedimentary Deposit
- 1979
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In: Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. - : Society of Economic Geologists. - 0361-0128 .- 1554-0774. ; 74:5, s. 1002-1011
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemical, mineralogical, and isotope analyses of hausmannite, braunite, and hematite ores from Laangban, Sweden, show that the precursor of this deposit has several similarities in its mineralogy, chemistry, and oxidation state with many deposits of Devonian and Recent ages, such as some deposits in Kazakhstan, in the Red Sea hot brine depressions, and in the East Pacific Rise. Possibly Rammelsberg, Meggen, Franklin Furnace, and Sterling Hill also belong to this type of deposit, for which an exhalative-sedimentary origin is proposed.
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| 8. |
- Bölükbas, Deniz, et al.
(author)
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Preclinical evidence for the role of stem/stromal cells in COPD
- 2019. - 1
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In: Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Lung Disease. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030294021 - 9783030294038 ; , s. 73-96
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and there are currently limited treatment options for these patients. The disease is characterized by a reduction in airflow due to chronic bronchitis, as well as airspace enlargement in the distal lung, resulting in a loss of surface area available for gas exchange. At end-stage disease, oxygen therapy and lung transplantation remain the only potential options. The disease is heterogeneous and both inflammatory cells as well as structural cells are thought to play a role in disease onset and progression. Pharmaceutical approaches are ineffective at reversing disease pathology and currently aim only to provide symptomatic relief. A recent area of investigation focuses on exogenous cell therapy, including stem cell administration, and its potential for directing lung regeneration. Cell therapies from a variety of sources, as well as cell-derived products such as extracellular vesicles, have recently shown efficacy in animal models of COPD, but early clinical trials have not yet shown efficacy. In this chapter, we discuss the different animal models of COPD as well as the studies which have been conducted to date with cell therapies. We conclude the chapter with a discussion regarding the limitations of current animal models and discuss potential areas for future study.
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| 9. |
- Cagnotto, Giovanni, et al.
(author)
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Male Sex Predicts a Favorable Outcome in Early ACPA-Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From an Observational Study
- 2022
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In: The Journal of rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 49:9, s. 990-997
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the relationship between sex and clinical outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) varies by autoantibody status. METHODS: Two inception cohorts of consecutive patients with early RA (ie, symptom duration ≤ 12 months) in the southern region of Sweden were investigated. Patients were stratified by anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status. The primary outcome was remission (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] < 2.6) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were remission at 6 months and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology good response at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline. In logistic regression models, which were adjusted for age, DAS28 values, and Health Assessment Questionnaire values at baseline, the relationship between sex and clinical outcomes, stratified by ACPA status, was investigated. RESULTS: In total, 426 patients with early RA were included: 160 patients were ACPA negative and 266 patients were ACPA positive. At 12 months, 27.1% (38/140) of females and 24.1% (13/54) of males with ACPA-positive RA achieved DAS28 remission. In ACPA-negative RA, 16.0% (13/81) of females and 48.6% (18/37) of males achieved DAS28 remission at 12 months. Males had higher odds of reaching remission at 12 months in the ACPA-negative patient group (pooled adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.79, 95% CI 1.97-11.6), but not in the ACPA-positive group (pooled adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.49-2.30). CONCLUSION: Male sex was associated with better clinical outcomes in ACPA-negative early RA, but not in ACPA-positive early RA. The poor outcomes in females with early seronegative RA suggest that this represents a difficult-to-treat patient group. Copyright © 2022 by the Journal of Rheumatology.
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