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- Rydh, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Radioimmunotherapy of DU-145 tumours in nude mice--a pilot study with E4, a novel monoclonal antibody against prostate cancer.
- 1999
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 38:8, s. 1075-1079
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The anti-tumour effect of the 131I-labelled antiprostate monoclonal antibody (MAb) E4 was studied in an experimental model with 41 nude mice, subcutaneously xenografted with a human prostate cancer cell line (DU-145). The mice were divided into four study groups, i.e. one receiving single and another repeated injections of the radiolabelled MAb. A third group was injected with non-labelled MAb, and the fourth served as an untreated control group. The tumour volumes increased similarly in all groups during the 27-day observation period. The tumour tissue was morphologically disintegrated in the group that received repeated radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The tumours from this group contained large fluid-filled cystic parts and demonstrated pronounced cellular and subcellular polymorphism in the remaining viable tumour tissue. The untreated control tumours and single therapy tumours remained solid. The proportion of the total tumour volume that consisted of viable tumour cells, as determined by morphometric techniques, was significantly lower in the 131I-E4-treated groups. The use of 131I-labelled E4 MAb has thus demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential.
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| 3. |
- Rydh, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Radioimmunoscintigraphy using an anti-prostate monoclonal antibody (E4) : a dosimetric evaluation.
- 2001
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In: Urological research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-5623 .- 1434-0879. ; 29:3, s. 216-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate different strategies to increase the tumour radiation dose for experimental radioimmunotherapy using 125I-labelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) E4 in a nude mice model xenografted with DU-145 tumours. The effects from a single injection of the 125I-labelled MAb E4, the same total amount of radiolabelled MAb E4 divided into three repeated injections, and the effect of pre-targeting with non-labelled MAb E4 for reducing the amount of shed antigen were investigated. Based on repetitive quantitative radioimmunoscintigraphies, calculation of the tumour radiation dose delivered from the 125I-nuclide was performed for each strategy. The single injection strategy without pretargeting rendered the highest mean tumour radiation dose, i.e. 0.23 Gy/MBq. Pretargeting with non-labelled MAb E4 before a single injection of [125I]E4 resulted in a slightly lower mean tumour radiation dose, i.e. 0.19 Gy/MBq, compared to the single injection alone. An even lower mean tumour radiation dose, i.e. 0.14 Gy/MBq, was obtained when the same total administered amount of activity was divided into three separate injections given in 10-day intervals. We concluded that the single injection strategy is the most efficient when using MAb E4 in this tumour model. The tumour radiation doses were not increased by dividing the same amount of activity into three injections or by pretargeting with non-labelled MAb E4.
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| 6. |
- Blomberg, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Patients' perception of quality of care in a radiology department : a medical-physical approach
- 2010
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In: Journal of Radiology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1546-0843. ; 29:1, s. 10-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of our cross-sectional study was to identify patients' perception of quality of care (QoC), and further to evaluate the relation between QoC and demographic factors in patients who have been subject to a radiology examination or a radiology treatment. Good QoC is the primary aim of the public medical and health service, with the aim of same quality for the whole population. Few scientific studies have been carried out within radiology with the aim of investigating differences between varying demographic factors and patient's perceptions of QoC. The radiology department's version of the Quality from the Patient's Perspective questionnaire (QPP) was used for data collection. Six hundred and ninty-eight patients participated in the study. Low estimation of the QoC was associated with dissatisfaction with telephone contact, long waiting time, neither easy nor hard waiting time experience, not receiving an invitation in time, and age 56 to 75 years. Female patient responses for estimated QoC were higher, as were those from patients with less formal education. Our study shows that factors inducing dissatisfaction concerning QoC, above all long waiting times, can be tolerated if radiology personnel provide good routines for information. Telephone contact, and adequate, timely information, is especially important. The results of this study demonstrate that several factors play a role in a patient's perception of QoC in a radiology department. The further research on patient-focused quality improvement is needed to improve patient's perception of quality care in the radiology department.
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| 7. |
- Gradmark, Anna M I, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Computed tomography-based validation of abdominal adiposity measurements from ultrasonography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry
- 2010
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 104:4, s. 582-588
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large-scale aetiological studies of obesity and its pathological consequences require accurate measurements of adipose mass, distribution and subtype. Here, we compared the validity of three abdominal obesity assessment methods (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound and anthropometry) against the gold-standard method of computed tomography (CT) in twenty-nine non-diseased middle-aged men (BMI 26.5 (sd 3.1) kg/m(2)) and women (BMI 25.5 (sd 3.2) kg/m(2)). Assessments of adipose mass (kg) and distribution (total subcutaneous (TSAT), superficial subcutaneous (SSAT), deep subcutaneous (DSAT) and visceral (VAT)) were obtained. Spearman's correlations were performed adjusted for age and sex. VAT area that was assessed using ultrasound (r 0.79; P < 0.0001) and waist circumference (r 0.85; P < 0.0001) correlated highly with VAT from CT, as did BMI (r 0.67; P < 0.0001) and DXA (r 0.70; P < 0.0001). DXA (r 0.72; P = 0.0004), BMI (r 0.71; P = 0.0003), waist circumference (r 0.86; P < 0.0001) and ultrasound (r 0.52; P = 0.015) were less strongly correlated with CT TSAT. None of the comparison measures of DSAT was strongly correlated with CT DSAT (all r approximately 0.50; P < 0.02). BMI (r 0.76; P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r 0.65; P = 0.002) and DXA (r 0.75; P < 0.0001) were all fairly strongly correlated with the CT measure of SSAT, whereas ultrasound yielded a weaker yet statistically significant correlation (r 0.48; P = 0.03). Compared with CT, visceral and subcutaneous adiposity can be assessed with reasonable validity using waist circumference and BMI, respectively. Ultrasound or DXA does not generally provide substantially better measures of these traits. Highly valid assessments of DSAT do not appear to be possible with surrogate measures. These findings may help guide the selection of measures for epidemiological studies of obesity.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Elias, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Laboratory Findings in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis
- 2007
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 48:3, s. 267-273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and the clinical impact of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing appendicitis, and to evaluate the impact of laboratory tests on the treatment of acute appendicitis.Material and Methods: All patients who, during 2005, underwent an acute ultrasound or CT investigation due to suspected appendicitis, or were diagnosed and/or surgically treated for appendicitis at Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, were included. The type of radiological investigation, its findings, the choice of treatment, final diagnosis, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte particle count (LPC), body temperature, age, and sex were recorded for each patient. The histological result from surgery was considered the gold standard.Results: The material included 305 cases with an overall appendicitis prevalence of 58%. Fifty-two percent of the patients were female. The mean age was 29 years, with a total range of 2–94 years. Twenty percent (60/305) underwent a CT investigation, 40% (123/305) underwent an US investigation, 5% (14/305) underwent both a CT and an US investigation, and 35% (108/305) of patients did not undergo any radiological investigation at all. The sensitivities and specificities were 91% and 94% for CT, and 83% and 98% for US, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 15.1 and 45.5 for CT and US, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.09 and 0.18 for CT and US, respectively. It was not possible to visualize the appendix in 31% of patients examined with US. The prevalence of appendicitis in this group was the same as the prevalence among patients where it was possible to see the appendix, i.e., 35%. The mean CRP for all patients with appendicitis was 59 (95% CI 10–491) mg/l, and the mean LPC was 11.1 (95% CI 2.6–28.1) ×10−9/l. The mean LPC level was significantly higher for the appendicitis patients. Body temperature could not significantly verify or exclude appendicitis. The overall negative appendectomy rate was 9% (16/176), and it was higher in women, i.e., 11% (9/79). The negative appendectomy rate was slightly higher in the group that was examined by CT and/or US, i.e., 12% (8/69) compared to 7% (8/107) in the group not examined radiologically.Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy was high for US as well as for CT. US was better for diagnosing positive findings, while CT was better for excluding diagnosis of appendicitis. The diagnostic accuracy of LPC, CRP, and body temperature was low. By combining findings from the radiological examination with the results from the clinical examination and laboratory values, a low negative appendectomy rate can be achieved.
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| 9. |
- Kriström, Berit, et al.
(author)
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A novel mutation in the LIM homeobox 3 gene is responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiency, hearing impairment, and vertebral malformations.
- 2009
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:4, s. 1154-1161
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: The LIM homeobox 3 (LHX3) LIM-homeodomain transcription factor gene, found in both man and mouse, is required for development of the pituitary and motor neurons, and is also expressed in the auditory system. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the cause of, and further explore, the phenotype in six patients (aged 6 months to 22 yr) with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), restricted neck rotation, scoliosis, and congenital hearing impairment. Three of the patients also have mild autistic-like behavior. DESIGN: Because patients with CPHD and restricted neck rotation have previously been shown to have mutations in the LHX3 gene, a candidate gene approach was applied, and the gene was sequenced. Neck anatomy was explored by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, including three-dimensional reformatting. RESULTS: A novel, recessive, splice-acceptor site mutation was found. The predicted protein encoded by the mutated gene lacks the homeodomain and carboxyl terminus of the normal, functional protein. Genealogical studies revealed a common gene source for all six families dating back to the 17th century. Anatomical abnormalities in the occipito-atlantoaxial joints in combination with a basilar impression of the dens axis were found in all patients assessed. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends both the mutations known to be responsible for LHX3-associated syndromes and their possible phenotypical consequences. Previously reported traits include CPHD and restricted neck rotation; patients examined in the present study also show a severe hearing defect. In addition, the existence of cervical vertebral malformations are revealed, responsible for the rigid neck and the development of scoliosis.
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