| 1. |
- MATTSSON, J, et al.
(author)
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AGING IN A 2-DIMENSIONAL CUMN SPIN-GLASS
- 1992
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In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 104, s. 1623-1624
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Utilizing zero-field cooled magnetization measurements the nonequilibrium dynamics in a 2D spin glass film is investigated. The experiments show that aging is an inherent property of 2D spin glass systems with qualitatively similar features as in 3D systems.
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| 2. |
- MATTSSON, J, et al.
(author)
-
MULTILAYERED SPIN-GLASS FILMS - SENSITIVE PROBES OF RKKY
- 1992
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In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 104, s. 1619-1620
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new method that uses superstructures of Cu(Mn) spin glass films separated by metallic interlayers to probe the decay with thickness of the RKKY interaction within the interlayers is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Ball, William T., et al.
(author)
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Evidence for a continuous decline in lower stratospheric ozone offsetting ozone layer recovery
- 2018
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In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 18:2, s. 1379-1394
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ozone forms in the Earth's atmosphere from the photodissociation of molecular oxygen, primarily in the tropical stratosphere. It is then transported to the extratropics by the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), forming a protective ozone layer around the globe. Human emissions of halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances (hODSs) led to a decline in stratospheric ozone until they were banned by the Montreal Protocol, and since 1998 ozone in the upper stratosphere is rising again, likely the recovery from halogen-induced losses. Total column measurements of ozone between the Earth's surface and the top of the atmosphere indicate that the ozone layer has stopped declining across the globe, but no clear increase has been observed at latitudes between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N outside the polar regions (60-90 degrees). Here we report evidence from multiple satellite measurements that ozone in the lower stratosphere between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N has indeed continued to decline since 1998. We find that, even though upper stratospheric ozone is recovering, the continuing downward trend in the lower stratosphere prevails, resulting in a downward trend in stratospheric column ozone between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N. We find that total column ozone between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N appears not to have decreased only because of increases in tropospheric column ozone that compensate for the stratospheric decreases. The reasons for the continued reduction of lower stratospheric ozone are not clear; models do not reproduce these trends, and thus the causes now urgently need to be established.
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| 4. |
- DJURBERG, C, et al.
(author)
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RELAXATION OF THE FIELD COOLED MAGNETIZATION IN 2D CU(MN) FILMS
- 1994
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In: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 194, s. 303-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relaxation of the field cooled magnetisation of a multilayered 2D Cu(Mn) spin glass film has been investigated in a SQUID-magnetometer. The sample is cooled in a constant magnetic field (10 Oe) from a high temperature, where the magnetisation is at equilibrium, to a temperature below the freezing temperature, T(f). At constant temperature, the magnetisation is then found to increase with time at temperatures near T(f), showing an initial decrease followed by an increase at long time scales at intermediate temperatures and only decreases with time at lower temperatures. The behaviour, including the surprising downward relaxation away from the thermodynamic equilibrium magnetisation, is qualitatively interpreted in terms of a spin glass domain model.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- GRANBERG, P, et al.
(author)
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DYNAMICS OF COUPLED 2-DIMENSIONAL CU(MN) SPIN-GLASS FILMS
- 1991
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In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 44, s. 4410-4414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-dependent susceptibility measurements have been performed on multilayered two-dimensional (2D) 40-angstrom-wide Cu0.865Mn0.135 spin-glass films, separated by Cu interlayers of width 10 < w(il) < 1200 angstrom. It is found that samples with w(il) < 30 angstrom display 3D dynamic behavior. For 30 < w(il) < 600 angstrom a gradual decoupling of the spin-glass layers occurs, and for w(il) greater-than-or-equal-to 600 angstrom typical 2D behavior is observed. The effect of a finite interlayer coupling on the dynamic susceptibility is a distinct crossover from 2D dynamic behavior at short observation times to 3D dynamic behavior at long times. A clear influence on the spin-glass dynamics is still observable for interlayer thicknesses of order 500 angstrom; i.e., multilayered spin-glass films are extremely sensitive probes of the effective range of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction mediated via metallic interlayers. The results also yield information on the relation between time scale and length scale in relaxation experiments, a fundamental concept of domain theories of the spin-glass phase.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- MATTSSON, J, et al.
(author)
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OVERLAP LENGTH IN 2-DIMENSIONAL CU(MN) SPIN-GLASS FILMS
- 1993
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In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 47, s. 14626-14629
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time-dependent dc-magnetization measurements on two-dimensional (2D) Cu(Mn) spin-glass films are reported. Results from the wait-time dependence of the relaxation of the zero-field-cooled magnetization combined with particular effects of temperature cyclings prior to the field application provide evidence for the existence of an overlap length in 2D spin glasses.
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